Astafyev is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Maksim Astafyev (born 1982), Russian football player Mikhail Astafyev (born 1946), Russian politician Vasily Astafyev (1919–2022), Soviet military personnel Viktor Astafyev (1924–2001), Soviet and Russian writer of short stories and novels
See also 11027 Astafʹev, main-belt asteroid Serafina Astafieva