Amosov () is a Russian masculine surname, derived from the given name Amos. Its feminine counterpart is Amosova. It may refer to
Alexey Amosov (born 1981), Russian sledge hockey player Nikolai Amosov (1913–2002), Ukrainian heart surgeon Serafima Amosova (1914–1993), Deputy Regimental Commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment Zinaida Amosova (born 1950), Soviet cross-country skier Yaroslav Amosov (born 1993), Ukrainian MMA fighter
See also 2948 Amosov, an asteroid named after Nikolai Amosov