Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153853 on 2017-02-23Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia 47(1-2). . 397 pp.
Prior to 2011, both the subfamilies Mangeliinae and Oenopotinae had been placed in the family Conidae. In 2011, Bouchet, Kantor et al merged the two subfamilies into one taxon, which they elevated to the rank of family. This was based on anatomical characters and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments.
Mangeliidae is a sister-clade to the family Raphitomidae
As with their relatives in the family Conidae, species in the family Mangeliidae use potent venoms to catch their prey. Through this characteristic, they are of interest in pharmacological research.
Description This family is characterized in general by usually the lack of an operculum, by a deep anal sinus on the subsutural ramp and with a heavy callus on the shoulder slope of the outer lip.
The Mangeliidae are small to medium-sized gastropods (length usually smaller than 30 mm). The high-spired shell has a fusiform to an oval or biconical shape. The protoconch is helicoid, with a very small initial, and rapidly increasing subsequent whorls. The spire is usually comparatively low. The shoulders of the whorls are often angular. The axial ribs are dominant in the sculpture of the shell. The spiral sculpture often consists of fine striae with a microsculpture of spirally aligned granules (especially on the subsutural ramp). The texture of the adult shell is frequently "gritty," from a sculpture of minute grains. The aperture is oval-elongated, usually narrow, terminating in a rather short, truncated siphonal canal. The aperture is only rarely denticulate. The outer lip (labrum) is reinforced. The varix is usually well developed, and the fasciole evanescent. A series of pustules on the columella is an ordinary feature. The toxoglossate radula has a weak basal ribbon and relatively short marginal teeth with very variable morphology (from semi-enrolled to true hypodermic). The tooth cavity opens laterally.Chen-Kwoh Chang, Small Turrids of Taiwan, chapter 12, p. 116; June, 1 2001, pls 42-56
However, the genera Neoguraleus and Liracraea are operculate; the operculum in these genera has a terminal nucleus. These exceptions mean that the reinforced outer lip is the most characteristic feature of this family.
The species in this family occurred from the Paleogene to Recent.
Genera This is a list of the accepted names of genera in the family Mangeliidae (the main reference for Holocene species is the World Register of Marine Species):
Acmaturris Woodring, 1928 Adelocythara Woodring, 1928 Agathotoma Cossman, 1899 † Amblyacrum Cossmann, 1889 Anticlinura Thiele, 1934 Antiguraleus Powell, 1942 Apispiralia Laseron, 1954 Apitua Laseron, 1954 Austrobela Criscione, Hallan, Puillandre & Fedosov, 2020 Bactrocythara Woodring, 1928 Bathyturris Fallon, 2026 Bela Gray, 1847 Belalora Powell, 1951 † Belidaphne Vera-Peláez, 2002 Bellacythara McLean, 1971 Benthomangelia Thiele, 1925 Brachycythara Woodring, 1928 † Buchozia Bayan, 1873 Cacodaphnella Pilsbry & Lowe, 1933 Citharomangelia Kilburn, 1992 Cryoturris Woodring, 1928 Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941 Cythara Fischer, 1883 (nomen dubium) Cytharopsis A. Adams, 1865 Eucithara Fischer, 1883 Euryentmema Woodring, 1928 Genotina Vera-Peláez, 2004 Gingicithara Kilburn, 1992 Glyphoturris Woodring, 1928 Granotoma Bartsch, 1941 Granoturris Fargo, 1953 Guraleus Hedley, 1918 Hemicythara Kuroda & Oyama, 1971 Heterocithara Hedley, 1922 Ithycythara Woodring, 1928 Kurtzia Bartsch 1944 Kurtziella Dall, 1918 Kurtzina Bartsch, 1944 Kyllinia Garilli & Galletti, 2007 Leiocithara Hedley, 1922 Liracraea Odhner, 1924 Lorabela Powell, 1951 Macteola Hedley, 1918 Mandiana Fallon, 2026 Mangelia Risso, 1826 Marita Hedley, 1922 Mitraguraleus Laseron, 1954 Neoguraleus Powell, 1939 Notocytharella Hertlein & Strong, 1955 Obesotoma Bartsch, 1941 Oenopota Mörch, 1852 Oenopotella A. Sysoev, 1988 Papillocithara Kilburn, 1992 Paraguraleus Powell, 1944 Paraspirotropis Sysoev & Kantor, 1984 Perimangelia McLean, 2000 † Petrafixia Cossmann, 1901 Platycythara Woodring, 1928 Propebela Iredale, 1918 Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895 Psilocythara Fallon, 2026 Pyrgocythara Woodring, 1928 Rhomboturris Fallon, 2026 Rubellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Saccharoturris Woodring, 1928 Sorgenfreispira Moroni, 1979 Stellatoma Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 Suturocythara Garcia, 2008 Tenaturris Woodring, 1928 Toxicochlespira Sysoev & Kantor, 1990 Venustoma Bartsch, 1941 Vexiguraleus Powell, 1942 Vitricythara Fargo, 1953
Genera moved to other families Anacithara Hedley, 1922 : brought into the new family Horaiclavidae Austropusilla Laseron, 1954: brought into the new family Raphitomidae Belaturricula Powell, 1951 : brought into the new family Borsoniidae Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884 : brought into the new family Clathurellidae Conopleura Hinds, 1844 : belongs to Drilliidae Euclathurella Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family Clathurellidae Glyptaesopus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: brought into the new family Borsoniidae Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884 : brought into the new family Clathurellidae Lioglyphostomella Shuto, 1970 : brought into the new family Pseudomelatomidae Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the new family Pseudomelatomidae Paraclathurella Boettger, 1895 : belongs to the new family Clathurellidae Paramontana Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family Raphitomidae Pseudoetrema Oyama, 1953 : belongs to the new family Clathurellidae Psilocythara Fallon, 2026 Thelecythara Woodring, 1928 : belongs to the new family Horaiclavidae Turrella Laseron, 1954 : belongs to the new family Clathurellidae Vitjazinella Sysoev 1988 : belongs to the Raphitomidae
Genera brought into synonymy Canetoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918 Cestoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918 Cithara: synonym of Cythara Schumacher, 1817 Clathromangilia: synonym of Clathromangelia Monterosato, 1884: belongs now to the family Clathurellidae Clinuromella Beets, 1943: synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934 Clinuropsis Thiele, 1929: synonym of Anticlinura Thiele, 1934 Cyrtocythara F. Nordsieck, 1977: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Cytharella Monterosato, 1875: synonym of Mangelia (Cytharella) Monterosato, 1875 Ditoma Bellardi, 1875: synonym of Agathotoma Cossman, 1899 Euguraleus Cotton, 1947: synonym of Guraleus Hedley, 1918 Fehria van Aartsen, 1988 : synonym of Bela Gray, 1847 Funitoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918 Ginnania Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Bela Gray, 1847 Lora Auctores non Gray, 1847: synonym of Oenopota Mörch, 1852 Mangilia Lovén, 1846: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Mangiliella Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Nematoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941 Nodotoma Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Oenopota Mörch, 1852 Pseudoraphitoma: synonym of Pseudorhaphitoma Boettger, 1895 Rissomangelia Monterosato, 1917 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Rugocythara Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Scabrella Hedley, 1918: synonym of Asperdaphne Hedley, 1922 Smithia Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Smithiella Monterosato, 1890 Smithiella Monterosato, 1890 : synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969 : synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 : belongs to the family Pseudomelatomidae Thetidos Hedley, 1899: synonym of Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884 : belongs to the family Clathurellidae Turritomella Bartsch, 1941: synonym of Propebela Iredale, 1918 Villiersiella Monterosato, 1890: synonym of Mangelia Risso, 1826 Widalli Bogdanov, 1986: synonym of Curtitoma Bartsch, 1941 Cythara Schumacher, 1817 (nomen dubium)
References
Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
External links
Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Mangeliidae