The renminbi (RMB, also known as Chinese yuan; ISO code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.Excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, which use the Hong Kong dollar and Macanese pataca, respectively. Although it is not a freely convertible currency, and has an official exchange rate, the CNY plays an important role in the world economy and international trade. This page lists past and present CNY exchange rates with other major currencies, in both nominal and purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Background After taking power in 1978, Deng Xiaoping started the reform and opening up and opened China to foreign trade and investment, permitting a large influx of foreign capital and sparking rapid economic growth. In 2010, China's annual level of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) reached a record US$106 billion. As of 2013, China is the world's second-largest economy, with an estimated nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of US$8.25 trillion and a total international trade value of US$3.64 trillion.2011 China trade data. GTIG.com. 12 January 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012. Since the mid-1990s, the official CNY exchange rate has been adopted by numerous international financial and governmental organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the United Nations (UN). The perceived undervaluing of the CNY by the Chinese government has led to tensions between China and other major economies. In August 2019, US President Donald Trump designated China a currency manipulator, a designation not supported by the IMF.New IMF report doesn’t back Trump’s currency manipulation charge against China
Nominal exchange rates
List of nominal exchange rates
Official historical average exchange rates of Renminbi for major foreign currencies by yearExchange rates of 1981-1984: see "17-2 Average Exchange Rate of RMB Yuan against Main Convertible Currencies (Middle Rate)" China Statistical Yearbook 2001; exchange rates of 1985-2014: see China Statistical Yearbook 2015 / Financial Intermediation / 19-8 Reference Exchange Rate of Renminbi (Period Average); exchange rate of 2015: see Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2015 National Economic and Social Development(Chinese yuan per 100 foreign currency units)YearUSDJPYHKDEuro2018661.745.989084.428780.162017675.186.024486.643763.032016664.236.124385.578734.262015622.845.154380.34691.412014614.285.819679.220816.512013619.326.332379.845822.192012631.257.903781.376810.672011645.888.105082.968900.112010676.957.727987.130897.252009683.107.298688.123952.702008694.516.742789.1901,022.272007760.406.463297.4591,041.752006797.186.8570102.6201,001.902005819.177.4484105.3001,019.532004827.687.6552106.2301,029.002003827.707.1466106.240936.132002827.706.6237106.070800.582001827.706.8075106.0802000827.847.6864106.1801999827.837.2932106.6601998827.916.3488106.8801997828.986.8600107.0901996831.427.6352107.5101995835.108.9225107.9601994861.878.4370111.5301993576.205.202074.4101992551.464.360871.2401991532.333.960268.4501990478.323.323361.3901989376.512.736048.2801988372.212.908247.7001987372.212.579947.7401986345.282.069444.2201985293.661.245737.5701984232.700.978029.7101983197.570.831827.3601982189.250.760731.1501981170.500.773530.410
List of World Bank nominal exchange rates World Bank annual average middle exchange rate for US dollar to Chinese yuanWorld Bank annual average nominal exchange rates are from wORLD bANK/WDI DATA( 1 US dollar to Chinese yuan )YearUS dollarYearUS dollarYearUS dollarYearUS dollar201920048.276819894.940019741.961220186.9820038.277019884.860019731.989420176.8920028.277019874.460019722.2451201620018.277119863.450019712.4618201520008.278419852.940019702.4618201419998.278319842.800019692.4618201319988.279119832.610019682.461820126.312319978.289819822.620019672.461820116.461519968.314219812.520019662.461820106.770319958.350719802.400019652.461820096.830019948.618719792.300019642.461820086.945119938.021319782.460019632.461820077.607519926.370019771.857819622.461820067.973419915.740019761.941419612.461820058.194319905.230019751.859819602.4618
List of IMF nominal exchange rates International Monetary Fund annual average middle exchange rate for US dollar to Chinese yuanIMF annual average nominal exchange rates are from International Monetary Fund/WEO DATA( 1 US dollar to Chinese yuan )YearUS dollarYearUS dollarYearUS dollarYearUS dollar2019 20096.831019998.278319893.7651 2018 20086.948019988.279019883.7221 2017 20077.607119978.289819873.7221 2016 20067.973519968.314219863.4528 2015 20058.194219958.351419852.9367 2014 20048.276819948.618719842.3200 20136.1520038.277019935.762019831.9757 20126.312420028.276919925.514619821.8925 20116.461420018.277119915.323419811.7045 20106.770420008.278419904.783219801.4984
List of purchasing power parity exchange rates Purchasing power parity (PPP) figures vary based on inflation and the revision of census figures in different periods. The following is a list of CNY exchange rates based on PPP, estimated according to the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outloo wek (WEO) database from 2006–present. The exchange rate shown is Intl$. 1 to Chinese yuan (CNY).
List of CNY–$Intl. PPP exchange rates by periods (IMF's WEO data)CNY PPP is estimated according to the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook database.Data periodApr.2012Sept.2011Apr.2011Oct.2010Oct.2009Oct.2008Oct.2007Sept.200620124.23824.13144.08253.97493.72103.995920114.17314.04924.06623.93663.71133.941520103.96433.93273.94603.86203.71393.882320093.76033.75933.76383.76383.72413.793020083.82313.82243.82103.82173.79323.69362.172820073.62643.62453.62203.62263.61413.54712.12721.964120063.46683.46613.46523.46553.46033.46172.07811.942720053.44763.44763.44763.44763.44763.44762.07671.945220043.40323.40323.40323.40323.40323.40322.05791.914120033.26673.26673.26673.26673.26673.26671.98021.837420023.25123.25053.25213.25513.25223.25131.97091.827020013.28423.28393.28553.28863.28583.28881.99361.848120003.29083.29023.29223.29503.29263.30002.00041.854419993.29513.29353.29553.29833.29603.30382.00271.856519983.38673.38443.38653.38933.38703.39422.05751.899119973.45563.45223.45443.45733.45493.46152.09831.937219963.46413.46073.46303.46593.46353.46672.10141.940119953.31693.31333.31563.31843.31593.31882.01181.857319942.97782.97472.97592.97842.97702.97771.80501.666419932.52062.51842.51942.52152.52022.52141.52841.411119922.23722.23592.23682.23872.23772.24081.34391.235319912.11672.11472.11552.11732.11642.11791.27421.171219902.05082.04932.05032.05202.05092.05141.23561.135719892.01322.01102.01182.01352.01322.01311.21431.116219881.92541.92331.92401.92571.92481.92541.15821.064619871.77681.77491.77561.77711.77581.77641.06830.981919861.73871.73681.73751.73901.73731.73541.04450.960119851.69661.69471.69541.69691.69611.69331.02060.938119841.58611.58441.58501.58631.58531.58330.95480.877619831.56831.56651.56721.56851.56711.56540.94440.868119821.61411.61241.61301.61441.61281.61120.97140.892919811.00731.00621.00661.00741.74781.74741.05350.968419801.22511.22381.22431.22531.86951.86021.12161.0354
References
External links China State Administration of Foreign Exchange