This article lists the rulers of Tibet from the beginning of legendary history. Included are regimes with their base in Central Tibet, that held authority over at least a substantial portion of the country.

Pre-Imperial Yarlung dynasty

#Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De project. Berkeley 1986, pp. 141-78; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, Tibet. A Political History. Yale 1967. Name ReignReligion 1 Nyatri Tsenpo 127 BCE – ???Yungdrung Bon 2 Mutri Tsenpo 3 Dingtri Tsenpo 4 Sotri Tsenpo 5 Mertri Tsenpo 6 Dakrri Tsenpo 7 Siptri Tsenpo 8 Drigum Tsenpo 9 Chatri Tsenpo 10 Esho Lek 11 Desho Lek 12 Tisho Lek 13 Guru Lek 14 Trongzhi Lek 15 Isho Lek 16 Zanam Zindé 17 Detrul Namshungtsen 18 Senöl Namdé 19 Senöl Podé 20 Senöl Nam 21 Senöl Po 22 Degyel Po 23 Detrin Tsen 24 Tori Longtsen 25 Tritsen Nam 26 Tridra Pungtsen 27 Tritog Jetsen 28 Lha Thothori Nyantsen 29 Trinyen Zungtsen 30 Drongnyen Deu 31 Tagbu Nyasig 32 Namri Songtsen 570–618

Tibetan Empire

Christopher I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. Princeton 1987, pp. 226–9; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, Tibet. A Political History. Yale 1967. # Name ReignReligion 1 Songtsen Gampo 614–648, 655–660Tibetan Buddhism 2 Gungsong Gungtsen 649–655 3 Mangsong Mangtsen 660–676 4 Tridu Songtsen 676–704 5 Tride Tsuktsen Me Agtsom 705–755 6 Trisong Detsen 755–797 7 Murub or Mune Tsenpo 797–799 8 Mutik Tsenpo (Sadnalegs) 800–815 9 Ralpachen 815–838 10 Langdarma 841–842 Arthur Mandelbaum, "Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje", Treasury of Lives, August 2007Yungdrung Bon

Yuan dynasty and Sakya rulers

Sakya lamas Source:Luciano Petech, Central Tibet and the Mongols. Rome 1990. Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen 1216–1251 (Mongol protégé 1247) Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen 1251–1280 (nephew) Dharmapala Raksita 1280–1282 (nephew) Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen 1286–1303 (of Sharpa lineage) Zangpo Pal 1306–1323 (nephew of Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen) Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen 1325–1341 (son) Jamyang Donyo Gyaltsen 1341–1344 (brother) Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen 1344–1347 (brother) Lotro Gyaltsen 1347–1365 (nephew)

Sakya Imperial Preceptors (Dishi)

Source: Phagpa Lodro Gyaltsen 1270–1274 Rinchen Gyaltsen 1274–1279 (brother) Dharmapala Raksita 1282–1286 (nephew) Yeshe Rinchen 1286–1291 Drakpa Odzer 1291–1303 Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen 1304–1305 (brother of Yeshe Rinchen) Sanggye Pal 1305–1314 (brother of Drakpa Odzer) Kunga Lotro Gyaltsen 1314–1327 (grandnephew of Phagpa Drakpa Gyaltsen) Kunga Lekpa Jungne Gyaltsen 1327–1330 (brother) Kunga Gyaltsen 1331–1358 (brother)

Dpon-chens (Ponchens)

Source: Shakya Zangpo circa 1264–1270 Kunga Zangpo circa 1270–1275 Zhangtsun circa 1275–? Chukpo Gangkarwa ?–1280 Changchub Rinchen 1281/82 Kunga Zhonnu 1282–circa 1285 Zhonnu Wangchuk circa 1285–1288 Changchub Dorje circa 1289 Aglen Dorje Pal circa 1290–1298 Zhonnu Wangchuk 1298 (second time) Lekpa Pal 1298–circa 1305 Sengge Pal early 14th century Odzer Sengge circa 1315–1317 Kunga Rinchen circa 1319 Donyo Pal circa 1320 Yontsun Drakpa Dar before 1322 Odzer Sengge ?–1328/29 (second time) Gyalwa Zangpo 1328/29–1333 Wangchuk Pal 1333–1337 Sonam Pal 1337–1344 Gyalwa Zangpo 1344–1347 (second time) Wangtson 1347–circa 1350 Gyalwa Zangpo circa 1350–1356/58 (third time) Namkha Tenpai Gyaltsen circa 1357 Palbum ?–1360 Namkha Tenpai Gyaltsen circa 1364 (second time)

Phagmodrupa dynasty Source:Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. [Rome 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, Deb T'er Dmar Po Gsarma. Rome 1971; Per K. Sørensen & Guntram Hazod, Rulers on the Celestial Plain. Wien 2007; Olaf Czaja, Medieval rule in Tibet, Vol. I-II. Wien 2013. Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen 1354–1364 Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen 1364–1373 (nephew) Drakpa Changchub 1374–1381 (nephew) Sonam Drakpa 1381–1385 (brother) Drakpa Gyaltsen 1385–1432 (cousin) Drakpa Jungne 1432–1445 (nephew) Kunga Lekpa 1448–1481 (brother) Ngagi Wangpo 1481–1491 (son of Drakpa Jungne) Tsokye Dorje 1491–1499 (regent, of Rinpungpa lineage) Ngawang Tashi Drakpa 1499–1554 (son of Ngagi Wangpo) Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen 1554–1556/57 (grandson) Ngawang Tashi Drakpa 1556/57–1564 (second time) Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen 1576–1603/04 (second time) Mipham Wanggyur Gyalpo 1604–1613 (possible grandnephew) Mipham Sonam Wangchuk Drakpa Namgyal Palzang 17th century (grandson of Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen)

Rinpungpa dynasty Source:Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Giuseppe Tucci, 1971; Olaf Czaja, 2013. Norzang 1435–1466 Kunzang 1466–circa 1479 (son) Donyo Dorje circa 1479–1512 (son) Ngawang Namgyal 1512–1544 (cousin) Dondup Tseten Dorje 1544–? (son) Ngawang Jigme Drakpa 1547–1565 (brother)

Tsangpa dynasty Source:Giuseppe Tucci, 1949; Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet. New York 1962. Karma Tseten 1565–1599 Khunpang Lhawang Dorje circa 1582 – 1605/06 (son) Karma Thutob Namgyal circa 1586–1610 (brother) Karma Tensung 1599–1611 (brother) Karma Phuntsok Namgyal 1611–1620 (son of Karma Thutob) Karma Tenkyong 1620–1642 (son)

Gandan Phodrang and Qing dynasty

Khoshut kings of Tibet Source:Hugh E. Richardson, 1962; Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, 1967. Güshi Khan 1642–1655 Dayan Khan 1655–1668 (son) Tenzin Dalai Khan 1668–1696 (son) Tenzin Wangchuk Khan 1696–1697 (son) Labzang Khan 1697–1717 (brother)

Dalai Lamas

5th Dalai Lama (Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, 1642–1682) Regents (Desi): Sonam Rapten (1642–1658), Depa Norbu (1659–1660),Samten G. Karmay, The Illusive Play; The Political Autobiography of the Fifth Dalai Lama, Vol. 1 (a.k.a. The Dukula), Serindia, Chicago 2014, pp. 403-425 Trinlé Gyatso (1660–1668), Lozang Tutop (1669–1675), Lozang Jinpa (1675–1679), Sangye Gyatso (1679–1703)Tsepon W.D. Shakabpa, One Hundred Thousand Moons: An Advanced Political History of Tibet, Vol. 2, Brill, Boston, 2010, p. 1133 6th Dalai Lama (Tsangyang Gyatso, 1697–1706) Regents: Ngawang Rinchen (1703–1706), Khangchennä (1721–1728) 7th Dalai Lama (Kelzang Gyatso, 1720–1757) Regents: Polhanas (1728–1747), Gyurme Namgyal (1747–1750), the sixth Demo Rinpoche (1757–1777) 8th Dalai Lama (Jamphel Gyatso, 1762–1804) Regents: the 1st Tsemonling Rinpoche (1777–1786), Yeshe Lobsang Tenpai Gonpo, the 8th Kundeling Lama (1791–1811), the 7th Demo Rinpoche (1811–1818) 9th Dalai Lama (Lungtok Gyatso, 1810–1815) Regent: the 2nd Tsemonling Lama (1819–1844) 10th Dalai Lama (Tsultrim Gyatso, 1826–1837) Regent: Ngawang Yeshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen, the 3rd Reting Rinpoche (1845–1862) 11th Dalai Lama (Khedrup Gyatso, 1842–1856) 12th Dalai Lama (Trinley Gyatso, 1860–1875) Regents: Shatra Wangchuk Gyalpo (1862–1864), Dedruk Khyenrab Wangchuk (1864–1873), the 10th Kundeling Lama Tatsak Ngawang Pelden (1875–1886) 13th Dalai Lama (Thubten Gyatso, 1879–1933) Regents: The 9th Demo Rinpoche Lobsang Trinlé (1886–1895), the 3rd Tsemonling Rinpoche Ngawang Lobsang Tenpey Gyaltsen (1910–1912) 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso, 1940–Present) Regents: the 5th Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen (1934–1941), followed by the 3rd Taktra Rinpoche, Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (1941–1950).

Panchen Lamas

Dzungar occupation Tagtsepa (deputy of Tsewang Rabtan) 1717–1720

Qing rule

Rule by Lay Aristocrats Source: Khangchenné 1721–1727 Polhané Sönam Topgyé 1728–1747 Gyurme Namgyal 1747–1750 (son)

Qing imperial residents (Ambans)

Sengge 1727–1733 (first) Lianyu 1906–1912 (last)

20th century Silöns (prime ministers) Changkhyim 1907–1920 Paljor Dorje Shatra 1907–1923 Sholkhang 1907–1926 Langdün Künga Wangchuk 1926–1940 acting silöns: Lobsang Tashi and Lukhangwa 1950–1952

Modern political leaders within China

See also History of Tibet Pre-Imperial Tibet Tibetan Empire List of emperors of Tibet Guge Sakya Mongol invasions of Tibet Tibet under Yuan rule Phagmodrupa dynasty Rinpungpa Tsangpa Ganden Phodrang Dalai Lama Panchen Lama Khoshut Khanate Dzungar Khanate Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) Tibet under Qing rule Tibet (1912–1951) List of modern political leaders of Tibet

References