In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 3654 endangered plant species. Of all evaluated plant species, 17% are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists 99 subspecies and 101 varieties as endangered. No subpopulations of plants have been evaluated by the IUCN.
For a species to be considered endangered by the IUCN it must meet certain quantitative criteria which are designed to classify taxa facing "a very high risk of extinction". An even higher risk is faced by critically endangered species, which meet the quantitative criteria for endangered species. Critically endangered plants are listed separately. There are 6147 plant species which are endangered or critically endangered.
Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed".
This is a complete list of endangered plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN.
Bryophytes There are 29 bryophyte species assessed as endangered.
Hornworts Anthoceros neesii, Nees' hornwort Dendroceros japonicus
Mosses
Bryoxiphium madeirense Distichophyllum carinatum Jaffueliobryum arsenei Mamillariella geniculata Merrilliobryum fabronioides Mitrobryum koelzii Orthodontopsis bardunovii Orthotrichum truncato-dentatum Renauldia lycopodioides Sciaromiopsis sinensis Skottsbergia paradoxa
Liverworts
Aitchisoniella himalayensis Andrewsianthus ferrugineus Caudalejeunea grolleana Cladolejeunea aberrans Cololejeunea magnilobula Diplocolea sikkimensis Drepanolejeunea aculeata Drepanolejeunea bakeri Eopleurozia simplicissima Leptolejeunea tridentata Schistochila macrodonta Sphaerocarpos drewiae Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Symbiezidium madagascariense
Pteridophytes There are 67 species and one subspecies of pteridophyte assessed as endangered.
Leptosporangiate ferns There are 61 species and one subspecies in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as endangered.
Polypodiales Species
Acrorumohra hasseltii Actiniopteris kornasii Adenophorus epigaeus Adiantum fengianum Adiantum sinicum Aleuritopteris grevilleoides Aleuritopteris squamosa Arachniodes squamulosa Arachniodes tsiangiana Asplenium virens Blechnum floresii Blotiella hieronymi Callipteris ulugurica Calymmodon cucullatus Cheilanthes deboeri Cyclosorus boydiae, Boyd's maidenfern Cyclosorus wailele, Waioli Valley maidenfern Cyrtomium hemionitis Diplazium avitaguense Diplazium hieronymi Diplazium pseudoporrectum Diplazium vesiculosum Dryopteris napoleonis, small kidney fern Dryopteris raddeana, Radde's buckler fern Elaphoglossum engleri Elaphoglossum herpestes Elaphoglossum hornei Elaphoglossum isophyllum Elaphoglossum spectabile Grammitis basalis Microgramma tuberosum Microlepia fadenii Neocheiropteris palmatopedata Oleandra hainanensis Pneumatopteris usambarensis Polystichum bulbiferum Pteris mkomaziensis Pyrrosia liebuschii Radiogrammitis cheesemanii Saccoloma laxum Saccoloma squamosum Stenochlaena hainanensis Thelypteris bermudiana, Bermuda shield fern Thelypteris macra Vittaria schliebenii Zygophlebia eminens Zygophlebia major
Subspecies Pteris albersii subsp. albersii
Hymenophyllales
Hymenophyllum capillaceum, St Helena filmy fern Hymenophyllum megistocarpum Hymenophyllum nanum
Cyatheales
Alsophila esmeraldensis Cyathea crinita Cyathea fadenii Cyathea heliophila Cyathea palaciosii Cyathea schliebenii Plagiogyria assurgens
Salviniales
Marsilea batardae, Lusitanian water clover Marsilea botryocarpa Marsilea villosa Pilularia minuta, dwarf pillwort
Isoetopsida
Isoetes boryana, Gascoyne quillwort Isoetes capensis Isoetes fluitans, river quillwort Isoetes panchganiensis
Lycopodiopsida Huperzia hastata Huperzia loxensis
Gymnosperms There are 163 species, seven subspecies, and 29 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as endangered.
Ginkgos Ginkgo biloba, ginkgo
Cycads Species
Ceratozamia alvarezii Ceratozamia becerrae Ceratozamia hildae, bamboo cycad Ceratozamia latifolia Ceratozamia matudae Ceratozamia mirandae Ceratozamia mixeorum Ceratozamia morettii Ceratozamia norstogii Ceratozamia robusta Ceratozamia sabatoi Ceratozamia whitelockiana Cycas beddomei Cycas candida, white seed sago Cycas changjiangensis Cycas circinalis Cycas elephantipes Cycas elongata Cycas hainanensis Cycas hoabinhensis Cycas javana Cycas lindstromii Cycas micronesica Cycas multipinnata Cycas platyphylla Cycas riuminiana, Arayat pitogo Cycas taitungensis Cycas taiwaniana Dioon califanoi Dioon caputoi Dioon holmgrenii Dioon rzedowskii Dioon sonorense Dioon spinulosum Encephalartos arenarius, Alexandria cycad Encephalartos chimanimaniensis, Chimanimani cycad Encephalartos concinnus, Runde cycad Encephalartos delucanus Encephalartos eugene-maraisii, Waterberg cycad Encephalartos horridus, Eastern Cape blue cycad Encephalartos kisambo, Voi cycad Encephalartos lebomboensis, Lebombo cycad Encephalartos macrostrobilus Encephalartos umbeluziensis, Umbeluzi cycad Macrozamia cranei Macrozamia elegans Macrozamia flexuosa Macrozamia lomandroides Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi Macrozamia plurinervia Macrozamia spiralis Macrozamia viridis Zamia cremnophila Zamia dressleri Zamia elegantissima Zamia fischeri Zamia furfuracea, cardboard palm Zamia ipetiensis Zamia katzeriana Zamia lacandona Zamia lucayana Zamia melanorrhachis Zamia portoricensis Zamia skinneri Zamia variegata
Subspecies Encephalartos barteri subsp. allochrous
Conifers Species
Abies fanjingshanensis Abies fraseri, Fraser fir Abies guatemalensis, Guatemalan fir Abies hickelii, Hickel's fir Abies koreana, Korean fir Abies pinsapo, Spanish fir Abies ziyuanensis, Ziyuan fir Agathis borneensis Agathis kinabaluensis Agathis orbicula Amentotaxus assamica, Assam catkin yew Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Araucaria araucana, monkey puzzle Araucaria humboldtensis Araucaria luxurians Araucaria muelleri Araucaria rulei Araucaria scopulorum Athrotaxis laxifolia Callitris sulcata Calocedrus formosana, Taiwan incense-cedar Calocedrus rupestris Cedrus atlantica, Atlas cedar Cephalotaxus hainanensis, Hainan plum yew Cephalotaxus lanceolata, Gongshan plum yew Chamaecyparis formosensis, Taiwan cypress Cunninghamia konishii Cupressus goveniana, Gowen cypress Cupressus guadalupensis, Guadalupe cypress Fitzroya cupressoides, Patagonian cypress Juniperus cedrus, Canary Islands juniper Juniperus comitana Juniperus gamboana Juniperus gracilior Juniperus jaliscana Juniperus saltillensis Juniperus standleyi Larix mastersiana, Masters' larch Libocedrus yateensis Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood Neocallitropsis pancheri Pectinopitys standleyi Picea aurantiaca, orange spruce Picea chihuahuana, Chihuahua spruce Picea martinezii, Martinez's spruce Picea maximowiczii, Maximowicz's spruce Picea omorika, Serbian spruce Picea retroflexa, Tapao Shan spruce Pinus albicaulis, whitebark pine Pinus amamiana, Amami pine Pinus culminicola, Potosi pinyon pine Pinus maximartinezii, Martinez pinyon Pinus nelsonii, Nelson pinyon pine Pinus occidentalis, Hispaniolan pine Pinus palustris, longleaf pine Pinus radiata, Monterey pine Pinus wangii Pseudotsuga japonica, Japanese Douglas-fir Sequoia sempervirens, coast redwood Sequoiadendron giganteum, giant sequoia Taxus chinensis, Chinese yew Taxus contorta, West Himalayan yew Taxus globosa, Mesoamerican yew Taxus wallichiana, East Himalayan yew Thuja sutchuenensis Torreya jackii, Jack's nutmeg tree Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, golden Vietnamese cypress
Subspecies
Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, Kazdagi fir Picea engelmannii subsp. mexicana, Mexican spruce Pinus cembroides subsp. orizabensis, Orizaba pinyon Pinus mugo subsp. rotundata Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica Pinus pinaster subsp. renoui
Varieties
Abies guatemalensis var. guatemalensis Abies hickelii var. hickelii Abies hickelii var. oaxacana Abies pinsapo var. marocana, Moroccan fir Abies pinsapo var. pinsapo Cephalotaxus harringtonii var. wilsoniana, Taiwan plum yew Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis Cupressus goveniana var. goveniana Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii Cupressus guadalupensis var. guadalupensis Juniperus deppeana var. zacatecensis Juniperus gracilior var. gracilior Juniperus gracilior var. urbaniana Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana Larix decidua var. polonica Picea alcoquiana var. acicularis Picea alcoquiana var. reflexa Picea asperata var. notabilis Picea likiangensis var. hirtella Picea maximowiczii var. maximowiczii Pinus armandii var. mastersiana Pinus caribaea var. caribaea Pinus greggii var. australis Pinus radiata var. radiata, Cambria pine Pinus strobus var. chiapensis Torreya fargesii var. fargesii Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis
Podocarpaceae
Afrocarpus mannii Afrocarpus usambarensis Dacrydium comosum Dacrydium nausoriense Dacrydium pectinatum Falcatifolium angustum Nageia maxima Podocarpus buchii Podocarpus capuronii Podocarpus confertus Podocarpus costalis Podocarpus decumbens Podocarpus globulus Podocarpus henkelii, Henkel's yellowwood Podocarpus hispaniolensis Podocarpus humbertii Podocarpus laubenfelsii Podocarpus macrocarpus Podocarpus madagascariensis var. procerus Podocarpus nakaii Podocarpus pendulifolius Podocarpus polyspermus Podocarpus purdieanus, St. Ann yacca Podocarpus rostratus Podocarpus sellowii Podocarpus sellowii var. sellowii Podocarpus sprucei Podocarpus transiens Retrophyllum minus
Gnetopsida Gnetum oxycarpum
Dicotyledons There are 2770 species, 81 subspecies, and 70 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as endangered.
Apiales There are 63 species and one variety in the order Apiales assessed as endangered.
Apiaceae
Angelica adzharica, Adjarian angelica Angelica glauca Astrantia colchica, Colchic masterwort Berula burchellii, dwarf jellico Bilacunaria caspia, Caspian bilacunaria Bupleurum euphorbioides Bupleurum handiense Bupleurum schistosum, divided thoroughwax Carum asinorum Carum komarovii, Komarov's caraway Cryptotaenia calycina Cryptotaenia polygama Eryngium galioides Eryngium viviparum Ferula sadleriana Heracleum egrissicum, Egrissian cow-parsnip Hydrocotyle conferta Laserpitium affine, similar laserwort Lefebvrea camerunensis, synonym of Lefebvrea angustisecta Petagnaea gussonei Pimpinella tirupatiensis Polylophium panjutinii, Panjutin's polylophium Seseli intricatum
Araliaceae Species
Brassaiopsis acuminata Brassaiopsis kwangsiensis Cheirodendron dominii, Domin's club Eleutherococcus brachypus Eleutherococcus cuspidatus Eleutherococcus setulosus Eleutherococcus stenophyllus Eleutherococcus verticillatus Euaraliopsis dumicola syn. Brassaiopsis dumicola Heptapleurum albidobracteatum Heptapleurum bourdillonii Heptapleurum palawanense Heptapleurum fastigiatum Heptapleurum insigne Heptapleurum kontumense Heptapleurum multifoliolatum Heptapleurum palmiforme Heteropanax nitentifolius Heteropanax yunnanensis Neocussonia lukwangulensis Oreopanax corazonensis Oreopanax impolitus Panax zingiberensis Plerandra elegantissima Plerandra pachyphylla Plerandra sp. "calcicola" Plerandra sp. "longistyla" Plerandra veitchii Polyscias albersiana Polyscias dichroostachya Polyscias mauritiana Polyscias nothisii Polyscias quintasii Polyscias stuhlmannii Polyscias waialealae Polyscias waimeae Schefflera euthytricha Sciodaphyllum brownei
Varieties Polyscias sechellarum var. sechellarum
Torricelliaceae Melanophylla modestei
Aristolochiales
Aristolochia delavayi Aristolochia scytophylla Aristolochia tuberosa Asarum celsum Asarum hatsushimae Asarum lutchuense Asarum nazeanum Asarum trinacriforme Saruma henryi
Aquifoliales Hollies
Ilex arisanensis