A private limited company (Pvt. Ltd.) is any type of business entity in "private" ownership used in many jurisdictions, in contrast to a publicly listed company, with some differences from country to country. Examples include: the LLC in the United States, private company limited by shares in the United Kingdom, GmbH in Germany and Austria, (BV) in The Netherlands and Belgium, (SARL) in France, (S.r.l.) in Italy, and (SRL) in the Spanish-speaking world. The benefit of having a private limited company is that there is limited liability.

Abbreviations Country / Territory Business form Abbreviation(s) sh.p.k. sociedad de responsabilidad limitada SRL, S.R.L., S. de R. L.; o Ltda. (sahmanap'ak pataskhanatvut'yamb ənkerut'yun) ՍՊԸ (SPƏ) proprietary limited company Pty Ltd məhdud məsuliyyətli cəmiyyət MMC private company limited by shares Pvt. Ltd. (OPC) društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću d.o.o. društvo so ograničena odgovornost Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo sociedade limitada Ltda. شريکت سنديرين برحد (Syarikat sendirian berhad) Sdn. Bhd.Sendirian Berhad Дружество с ограничена отговорност ООД (OOD) Еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност ЕООД (EOOD) compañía limitada Ltda. společnost s ručením omezeným s.r.o., spol. s r.o. spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným anpartsselskab ApS osaühing OÜ (Yksityinen) (Swedish: aktiebolag) Oy, Ab Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης Ε.Π.Ε. Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία Ι.Κ.Ε. private company limited by shares Ltd. private company limited by shares Ltd. korlátolt felelősségű társaság kft. Perseroan Terbatas PT Ba Masooliat Mahdood חברה בערבון מוגבל בע"מ or Ltd. società a responsabilità limitata S.r.l., Srl 合同会社 (gōdō kaisha) GK Sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību SIA Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė UAB besloten vennootschap (met beperkte aansprakelijkheid) bv bv société à responsabilité limitée SRL SARL società a garanzia limitata Sagl GmbH Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Limited liability company Ltd private company limited by shares (can be multi-member or single-member (SMC)) (Pvt.) Limited (SMC-Pvt.) Limited spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością sp. z o.o. sociedade por quotas Lda. Societate cu răspundere limitată SRL общество с ограниченной ответственностью ООО (exempt) private company limited by shares Pte Ltd private company (Pty) Ltd 유한책임회사 (有限責任會社, yuhan chaeg-im hoesa) LLC private company limited by shares (PVT), Ltd privat aktiebolag AB ҷамъияти дорои масъулияти маҳдуд ҶДММ Товариство (з обмеженою відповідальністю) ТОВ (TOV) or ТзОВ (TzOV) (Cyrillic) (may vary by state) limited liability company (has members, does not issue shares, privately owned) LLC, LC, "Ltd. Co." privately held company (has shareholders, issues shares, can be privately owned) Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd. public benefit corporation (has shareholders, issues shares, can be privately owned) PBC Masʼuliyati cheklangan jamiyati MChJ Công ty trách nhiệm hữu hạn (Cty) TNHH private company limited by shares (Pvt) Ltd

Albania In Albania, a limited liability company () is a commercial company founded by persons of physical or judicial status, who are not liable for the company and personally bear losses only up to the outstanding contribution agreements. Partners' contributions constitute the registered capital of a limited liability company. Each partner has his quota in the company in proportion to the contribution of the capital so the registered capital of the company is divided between the partners based on the proportional ratio of their contribution. In Albania a limited liability company may not have a capital of less than 100 lek.

Argentina Although not an exact equivalent, the Argentine variant of the LLC is called Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.R.L.) and it limits the liability of its members up to their capital contribution in the company. The equity is divided into equal stakes (can not be called "shares"), each one of which represents a percentage of the company and that can not be traded on the stock exchange. Their by-laws are regulated by law N° 19550Ley de Sociedades Comerciales (Spanish) http://www.cnv.gov.ar/LeyesYReg/Leyes/19550.htm and the commercial partnership is limited to a maximum of 50 partners.

Bolivia In Bolivia, the LLC variant is called Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S.R.L.). These companies' legal framework consist in the Trade Code (Decree Law N° 14379 of February 25, 1977), its modifications and other supplementary laws. The members participate in it through capital stakes, and their liability is limited to the value of their contributions. The number of members must be minimum 2 and maximum 25.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian and Herzegovinian legislation, similarly to that in Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia contemplates LLCs as društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću (d.o.o.). Companies using this structure append the abbreviation d.o.o. to their company name. A shareholder or member in a d.o.o. is only personally liable up to the value of the member's investment in the company.[Types of Companies in BiH ]

Brazil The corporate structure in Brazilian law most similar to the American LLC is the Sociedade Limitada ("Ltda."), under the new Brazilian Civil Code of 2002. The sociedade limitada is the new name of the sociedade por quotas de responsabilidade limitada, and it can be organized as empresária or simples, under this new code, roughly corresponding to the form types of comercial ("commercial") and civil ("non commercial") of the Commercial Code. A new law in Brazil has made it legal to obtain an LLC by a sole-proprietor in two forms: Empresa Individual de Responsabilidade Limitada (Eireli for short), or Sociedade Unipessoal Limitada ("Ltda."). The main requirement for an Eireli is a capital of 100 times the current minimum wage, R$ 78.800,00 (US$26.267.00) as of 2015; whereas for a Sociedade Unipessoal Limitada the same rules apply as for other Sociedades Limitadas

Bulgaria Bulgarian legislation corresponds LLCs (Ltd, GmbH, SARL, etc.) as "Дружество с ограничена отговорност" (Druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost; company with limited liability). Companies incorporated under this structure append the cyrillic abbreviation ООД (Latin script: OOD) to their name. In the case of an LLC incorporated with a sole-shareholder/member (sole-ownership), this is designated and known as "Еднолично дружество с ограничена отговорност" (Ednolichno druzhestvo s ogranichena otgovornost; sole-ownership company with limited liability) and abbreviated as ЕООД (EOOD). The EOOD specifically, is exempted from annual, general or extraordinary meetings for making decisions and may just issue written resolutions.Commerce Law of Bulgaria, English translation, Chapter 13, Section I, Article 116

As part of the European Union Bulgarian companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Colombia Colombian legislation contemplates a very similar structure as mentioned above in the Chilean case. The Ltda. abbreviation is also used in Colombia.Código de Comercio de Colombia, just like S.A.

Croatia In Croatia, a private limited liability company is termed društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću (literal: limited liability company), abbreviated d.o.o.. A public limited liability company is termed a dioničko društvo (literal: joint stock company) abbreviated d.d..

As part of the European Union Croatian companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Czechia Czech legislation contemplates LLCs as společnost s ručením omezeným (s.r.o. or spol. s r.o.). An s.r.o. is not technically comparable to an LLC because the profits are still subject to double taxation. Czech law does not offer a possibility to start up a limited company without the possibility of avoiding double taxation. As of 2014 the liability is not limited in Czech, since managing director (jednatel, mandatory board member in Czech LLCs) bears full liability that extends to all of his/her property, including private one.

As part of the European Union Czech companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Denmark The Danish form of the LLC is the kommanditselskab (K/S). There is no minimum capital requirements. In a K/S there are two types of shareholders, the komplementar which is fully liable, and the kommanditist which liability is limited. The K/S is a tax-transparent company, which means the income "passes through" the company directly to the shareholders.

As part of the European Union Danish companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Dominican Republic Dominican Republic legislation contemplates LLCs as Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada, also known by their abbreviation S.R.L. S.R.L.s award limited liability to their members up to their contribution in the company (i.e., contribution of capital). This type of company began after the law number 479 of the year 2008.

Estonia The Estonian version of private limited company (limited liability company) is called osaühing (OÜ). The type of entity is also required to be identified in the name. An OÜ is taxed as a corporation. The minimum capital required by law is as low as €0.01 per shareholder.

As part of the European Union Estonian companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Finland Although not an exact equivalent, the Finnish version of the LLC is the Oy () or in Swedish Ab (aktiebolag). An Oy is taxed as a corporation. Since 1 July 2019, there is no minimum capital required by law.

As part of the European Union Finnish companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Germany Because of its hybrid characteristics it is very difficult to determine the German equivalent. On one hand it is possible to consider it as a kind of (GmbH) because it has aspects of a corporation; on the other hand it could be considered to be a kind of Kommanditgesellschaft (KG), which is the German equivalent of a limited partnership. Based on the literal translation of the word "company", an LLC should be considered to be a kind of KG without any liable partner. The German equivalent that comes closest to LLC, is GmbH & Co KG, a nested Kommanditgesellschaft (KG) where a (GmbH) takes the role of the fully liable partner. For the purpose of taxation, the Bundesfinanzministerium (German Federal Ministry of Finance) gives detailed guidelines of the circumstances under which an LLC is to be considered to be a "corporation" or as a "limited partnership".Steuerliche Einordnung der nach dem Recht der Bundesstaaten der USA gegründeten Limited Liability Company . It is useful to note, however, that the original LLC statutes of Wyoming and other US states were more or less explicitly modeled after the GmbH.

As part of the European Union German companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

Greece A limited liability company (LLC) in Greece is synonymous to an EPE (ΕΠΕ - Εταιρεία Περιορισμένης Ευθύνης).

As part of the European Union Greek companies can obtain an EU VAT registration number for cross-border trade within the EU, can be searched by both VIES and BRIS.

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