Modulus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Modulidae.
Characteristics (Described as Pseudotrochus) The shell is turbinate and umbilicate, bearing a general resemblance to members of the family Turbinidae or allied groups. However, it differs significantly in the siphonate nature of its aperture. The aperture is round, with the outer lip continuous except at the base, which is truncated by a sharply and obliquely deflected short siphonal canal.
Species Species within the genus Modulus include: Modulus ambiguus Dautzenberg, 1910 Modulus bayeri Petuch, 2001 Modulus bermontianus Petuch, 1994 Modulus cerodes A. Adams, 1851 Modulus danielsi Petuch & Berschauer, 2023 Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846) Modulus floridanus Conrad, 1869 Modulus guernei Dautzenberg, 1900 Modulus hennequini Petuch, 2013 Modulus honkerorum Petuch, 2013 Modulus hunahpu Petuch & Berschauer, 2023 Modulus kaicherae Petuch, 1987 Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) - the type species, known as the "button snail" Modulus nodosus Macsotay & Campos, 2001 Modulus pacei Petuch, 1987 Modulus turbinoides (Locard, 1897)
Taxa inquirenda Modulus duplicatus A. Adams, 1851 Modulus morleti P. Fischer, 1882 Modulus obliquus A. Adams, 1851 Modulus obtusatus (Philippi, 1847)
Species brought into synonymy Modulus calusa Petuch, 1988: synonym of Trochomodulus calusa (Petuch, 1988) (original combination) Modulus canaliculatus Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus candidus Petit de la Saussaye, 1853: synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) Modulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Trochomodulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822) Modulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849) Modulus cidaris Reeve, 1848: synonym of Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) Modulus convexior Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus dorsuosus Gould, 1853: synonym of Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846) Modulus krebsii Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus lenticularis (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus lindae Petuch, 1987: synonym of Conomodulus lindae (Petuch, 1987) (superseded combination) Modulus obliquatus [sic]: synonym of Modulus obliquus A. Adams, 1851 (misspelling - incorrect original spelling) Modulus perlatus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus pisum Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) Modulus trochiformis Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849) Modulus unidens (A. d'Orbigny, 1842): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior subjective synonym)
References
Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29
External links Gray, J. E. (1842). Molluscs. Pp. 48-92, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 44. British Museum. London. iv + 308 p Rafinesque C.S. (1819). Prodrome. De 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 88: 417-429.