List of eponyms (L–Z)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.

__NOTOC__ Here is a list of eponyms:

L Rudolf Laban, Slovak choreographer – labanotation. René Lacoste, French tennis player – Lacoste. Lady Windermere, Irish theatrical character - Lady Windermere syndrome. Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian-French mathematician and astronomer - Lagrange point. Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian car builder – Lamborghini. Vincenzo Lancia, Italian car builder – Lancia. Francesco Landini, Italian composer – Landini cadence, might be described in its most characteristic form as a variation on the harmonic progression in which an unstable sixth (usually major) expands to a stable octave. Edwin Henry Landseer, British painter and sculptor – Landseer (dog). Paul Langerhans, German biologist – Islets of Langerhans, Langerhans cell, Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer and physicist – langley a measurement of solar radiation. Lev Davidovich Landau, Azerbaijani-Russian physicist – Landau pole, Landau damping. Chris Langton, American computer scientist – Langton's ant. A. C. Larrieu, French Moon observer - Larrieu's dam (a clair-obscur effect on the Moon's surface during local sunset conditions, appearing like a rectilinear scarp-like feature at crater Polybius K) Nigel Longshaw: Larrieu's Dam; the 'rediscovery' of a seldom explored topographical lunar feature in the foothills of the Rupes Altai - Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 118, 2, 2008 - pages 87-90 Bent Larsen, Danish chess player – Larsen's Opening. Giovanni Paolo Lascaris, Italian nobleman – Lascaris towers, Lascaris Battery. Saint Lawrence of Rome, Italian Christian saint – Saint Lawrence River, San Lawrenz, and numerous other localities, churches and cathedrals. Ernest Lawrence, American physicist – lawrencium. Lazarus of Bethany, Biblical character – Lazarus sign, Lazarus syndrome, Lazarus taxon. Lech, Slavic mythological character – Lechites (Poles). Bruce Lee, American-Chinese actor – Bruceploitation. Peter Lee, English miner – Peterlee, a town in County Durham. Ernst Leitz, German businessman and photographer – Leica Camera. Alfredo di Lelio, Italian cook – Alfredo sauce. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Russian head of state – Leninism, Lenin's Testament, for various places see Lenino and List of places named after Lenin. John Lennard-Jones, British mathematician – Lennard-Jones potential John Lennon, British rock musician - Lennon glasses Leopold I of Belgium, Belgian king – Leopoldsburg, Leopold I, Kings Gallery, Leopold Quarter, Order of Leopold. Leopold II of Belgium, Belgian king – King Leopold Ranges, Prince Gallery, Villa La Léopolda, Order of Leopold II, Leopold II Tunnel, Léopoldville. Leopold III of Belgium, Belgian king – Leopold dtella, Pterophyllum leopoldi, Potamotrygon leopoldi, Leopoldism, Leopold and Astrid Coast Jules Léotard, French acrobat – leotard. Donald Leslie, American inventor - Leslie speaker. Winford Lee Lewis, American chemist – lewisite. Lars Levi Læstadius, Swedish religious leader – Laestadianism. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile - Lichtenberg figure. Alice Liddell, British child – Alice in Wonderland syndrome Liechtenstein dynasty, Liechtensteinian royal family – Liechtenstein. Alphonsus Liguori, Italian theologian – Liguorists (another name for Redemptorists). Gösta Hjalmar Liljequist, Swedish meteorologist - Liljequist parhelion Abraham Lincoln, American president – Lincoln Records; ships , ; Lincoln is a slang term for the United States five-dollar bill. Charles Lindbergh, American pilot – Lindbergh Law. Teunis van der Linden, Dutch chemist – Lindane. Jules Antoine Lissajous, French physicist - Lissajous curve, Lissajous orbit. Joseph Lister, British physician – Listerine mouthwash. Little Goody Two-Shoes, British literary character – The English derogatory term "goody two-shoes" for someone who is irritatingly bland and nice. William Howard Livens, British military officer and inventor - Livens projector. David Livingstone, Scottish explorer – Livingstone daisy, Livingstone, Zambia. Ignacio de la Llave, Mexican general and governor – Veracruz-Llave. Matthias de l'Obel (sometimes spelled as Lobel), Flemish physician and botanist – Lobelia. Sanford Lockwood Cluett, American businessman – Sanforization. Veronica Lodge, American comics character – the Veronica search engine. James Harvey Logan, American judge and horticulturist – loganberry. Fritz London, German physicist – London force. Ruy López de Segura, Spanish monk – Ruy Lopez opening in chess. Carl Lorenz, German businessman - Lorenz cipher. Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist – Lorentz force, Lorentz transformation. Lothar, German-French emperor – Lorraine, French province. Allan Haines Loughead, American aviator – Lockheed Corporation later to become Lockheed Martin in 1995. Louis IX of France, French king – St. Louis, Missouri and dozens of other places named Saint Louis Louis XIV, French king – Louisiana, Louis XIV furniture, Louis XIV style Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis, French physician – Angle of Louis. Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria – Alberta H. P. Lovecraft, American novelist – Lovecraftian horror Johann Tobias Lowitz, German-born Russian apothecary and experimental chemist - Lowitz arc Georg Luger, Austrian inventor - Luger pistol. Hubert von Luschka, German anatomist – foramina of Luschka (outlets for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain); Luschka's crypts; Luschka's joints. Saint Lucy of Syracuse, Italian Christian saint – Saint Lucia. Rosa Luxemburg, German politician – Luxemburgism Martin Luther, German religious leader – Lutheranism Alois Lutz, Austrian figure skater – Lutz jump Willem Jacob Luyten, Dutch-American astronomer - Luyten's star, Luyten's flare star (L 726–8) Charles Lynch, American politician – lynching, lynch law. David Lynch, American film director - Lynchian (films made in his characteristic style) Trofim Lysenko, Ukrainian-Russian biologist – Lysenkoism.

M John Macadam, Scottish-Australian chemist – Macadamia. Ernst Mach, Czech-Austrian physicist – Mach number. Karel Hynek Mácha, Czech novelist and poet – Lake Mácha (), in the Czech Republic Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian politician and writer – Machiavellianism. John Macdonald, New Zealand psychologist – Macdonald triad. Charles Macintosh, Scottish inventor – Mackintosh raincoat Alexander Mackenzie, American explorer – Mackenzie River, Mackenzie Bay Colin Maclaurin, Scottish mathematician – Maclaurin series, Maclaurin's inequality, Sectrix of Maclaurin, Trisectrix of Maclaurin. Rowland Hussey Macy, American businessman – Macy's. Johann Heinrich von Mädler, German astronomer - the Mädler phenomenon (comet-tail like arcs near the observed image of bright planet Venus, the same entoptic phenomenon as Purkyne's blue arcs near an unsteady red-colored pointlike lightsource), Mädler's square (a more-or-less rectangle shaped formation near crater Fontenelle on the moon's surface) George Maduro, Dutch resistance fighter – Madurodam. Gaius Maecenas, Roman patron of literature and the arts – maecenas (arts patron) Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese explorer – Strait of Magellan, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud François Magendie, French physiologist – foramen of Magendie. Pierre Magnol, French botanist – magnolia. Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist – Magnus effect, Magnus's green salt. Jules Germain François Maisonneuve, French surgeon – Maisonneuve fracture. Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian revolutionary leader – Makhnovism. Mrs. Malaprop, a character in The Rivals, a play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan – malapropism. La Malinche, Aztec translator – Malinchism, Malinche (volcano). G. Kenneth Mallory American physician, and Soma Weiss, Hungarian physician – Mallory–Weiss syndrome. Marcello Malpighi, Italian surgeon – Malpighian corpuscles, Malpighian tubule system, Malpighian pyramids, Malpighiaceae Thomas Malthus, British economist – Malthusian, Malthusianism, Malthusian Growth Model, Malthusian catastrophe Giorgio and Gregorio Mamo, Maltese land owners – Mamo Tower Nelson Mandela, South African activist and president – Mandela effect, Nelson Mandela Day, Madiba shirt ("Madiba" was Mandela's nickname, derived from his tribe). Benoît Mandelbrot, Polish mathematician – Mandelbrot set. Mani, Mesopotamian religious leader – Manichaeism. Russ Manning, American comics artist – Russ Manning Award Manolete, Spanish bullfighter – "Manoletina technique". Antoine Marfan, French physician – Marfan syndrome. Margherita of Savoy, Italian queen – pizza margherita. although it probably was not called "Margherita". In 1830, in the book Napoli, contorni e dintorni, written by Riccio, it was described as a pizza with tomato, mozzarella and basil. Henrietta Maria of France, French-born English queen – Maryland Queen Mariana of Austria or Marie-Anne of Austria, Austrian-born Spanish queen – Mariana Islands, Mariana Trench Pierre Marie, French neurologist – Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Mariko Aoki, Japanese essayist – Mariko Aoki phenomenon. Giambattista Marino, Italian poet – Marinism. Saint Marinus, Christian saint – San Marino Mark the Evangelist, Christian saint – Saint Mark's Tower Benjamin Markarian, Armenian astrophysicist – Markarian galaxies Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer, British businessmen – Marks and Spencer Géza Maróczy, Hungarian chess player – Maróczy Bind Mars, Greek-Roman mythological character – Martius (month), Mars (planet) Frank Mars, American businessman – Mars (chocolate bar) James Marsh, British chemist and inventor - Marsh test. Frank Marshall, American chess player – Marshall Defense George C. Marshall, American general – Marshall Plan. John Marshall, British explorer – Marshall Islands Maurice Martenot, French inventor – Ondes Martenot Henry Martin, American businessman – Martinizing Dry Cleaning Lionel Martin, British businessman – Aston Martin Glenn Luther Martin, American businessman – Glenn L. Martin Company (later Lockheed Martin). Jean Martinet, French militarian – martinet (a disciplinarian). Alessandro Martini, Italian businessman – Martini (cocktail), Martini (vermouth). Groucho Marx, American comedian and film actor – Groucho glasses, Grouchoesque. Karl Marx, German philosopher and economist – Marxism. Mary, mother of Jesus – numerous communities and geographic features (either named St. Mary or having the word Lady in them) like the Marists, a large number of cathedrals, churches, and religious orders, the ladybird Mary the Jewess, ancient alchemist – Bain-marie to warm substances such as Elixir to germinate precious metals. Alfieri Maserati, Italian businessman – Maserati. Perry Mason, American TV character - Perry Mason syndrome Abraham Maslow, American psychologist – Maslow's hammer, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Maslow-Toffler School of Futuristic Education, and Maslowian portfolio theory. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, British astronomers – Mason–Dixon line. John L. Mason, American inventor – Mason jar. Alonzo C. Mather, American businessman – Mather Stock Car Company. Matilda Joslyn Gage, suffragist and abolitionist — Matilda effect. Matthew the Apostle, Biblical prophet – Matthew effect. Harold Matson and Elliot Handler, American businessmen – Mattel. Jujiro Matsuda, Japanese businessman – Mazda (also possibly inspired by Zoroastrian god Ahura Mazda) Queen Maud of Norway, Norwegian queen – Queen Maud Gulf (Canada), Queen Maud Land in Antarctica, Queen Maud fromage. Maurice of Nassau, Dutch politician – Mauritius Paul Mauser and Wilhelm Mauser, German businessmen – Mauser gun Maussollus, Carian king – mausoleum. Max und Moritz, German comics/literary characters – Max & Moritz Prize