The Mongolian calendar may refer to a number of different lunisolar calendars related to the Chinese and Tibetan calendars. These calendars ( or ) have largely been replaced in day-to-day use with the Gregorian calendar (Аргын тоолол, , 'chronology of method'), however the traditional calendar (Билгийн тоолол, , 'chronology of wisdom') is still used for a variety of traditions such as the date of festivals like Tsagaan Sar (the Mongolian new year), horoscopy, and zodiac signs.

The traditional calendar as used in Mongolia today is a lunisolar calendar based on Zurkhai (from the verb zur - draw) is a system of knowledge embracing mathematics, astronomy and astrology system developed in 1747 by monk Ishbaljir (; 1704–1788). The year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months, each beginning and ending with a new moon. A thirteenth month is added every two or three years, so that an average year is equal to the solar year.

The Mongol traditional new year celebration is Tsagaan Sar which is celebrated at the second new moon following the winter solstice.

Argyn toolol Months The twelve months of the year are referred to by their number, such as first month, second month, and so on. English nameMongolian nameCyrillicTraditionalJanuaryНэгдүгээр сарNegdügeer sarNigedüger sar-aАнхдугаар сарAnkhdugaar sarAŋqaduɣar sar-aFebruaryХоёрдугаар сарKhoyordugaar sarQoyaduɣar sar-aMarchГуравдугаар сарGuravdugaar sarƔurbaduɣar sar-aAprilДөрөвдүгээр сарDörövdügeer sarDörbedüger sar-aMayТавдугаар сарTavdugaar sarTabuduɣar sar-aJuneЗургаадугаар сарZurgaadugaar sarJ̌irɣuduɣar sar-aJulyДолоодугаар сарDoloodugaar sarDoloduɣar sar-aAugustНаймдугаар сарNaimdugaar sarNaimaduɣar sar-aSeptemberЕсдүгээр сарYesdügeer sarYisüdüger sar-aOctoberАравдугаар сарAravdugaar sarArbaduɣar sar-aNovemberАрваннэгдүгээр сарArvannegdügeer sarArban nigedüger sar-aDecemberАрванхоёрдугаар сарArvankhoyordugaar sarArban qoyaduɣar sar-a

Days of the week In colloquial usage, the first 5 days of the week are referred to as first day, second day, etc. Saturday is referred to as Хагас сайн өдөр (Khagas sain ödör, "half-good day"), and Sunday is referred to as Бүтэн сайн өдөр (Büten sain ödör, "full good day"); a result of 5 full working days and Saturday as a half working day during the communist era.

The names of Tibetan origin are used in more formal settings, and almost exclusively in written documents, while the Sanskrit names are practically absent in modern usage.

English nameColloquialTibetan originSanskrit originCyrillicTraditionalCyrillicTraditionalCyrillicTraditionalMeaningMondayНэг дэх өдөрДаваа гарагСумьяаChandraNeg dekh ödörNigedeki edürDavaa garagDawa ɣaragSum'yaaSumiy-aTuesdayХоёр дахь өдөрМягмар гарагАнгарагMangalaKhoyor dakh' ödörQoyadaki edürMyagmar garagMiɣmar ɣaragAngaragAŋɣaragWednesdayГурав дахь өдөрЛхагва гарагБудBudhaGurav dakh' ödörƔurbadaki edürLkhagva garagLhaɣba ɣaragBudBudThursdayДөрөв дэх өдөрПүрэв гарагБархасбадьBrihaspatiDöröv dekh ödörDörbedeki edürPürev garagPürbü ɣaragBarkhasbad'BarqasbadiFridayТав дахь өдөрБаасан гарагСугарShukraTav dakh' ödörTabudaki edürBaasan garagBasaŋ ɣaragSugarŠuɣar-aSaturdayХагас сайн өдөрБямба гарагСанчирShaniKhagas sain ödörQaɣas sayin edürЗургаа дахь өдөрZurgaa dakh' ödörJ̌irɣuɣadaki edürByamba garagBimba ɣaragSanchirSaničarSundayБүтэн сайн өдөрНям гарагАдьяаSuryaBüten sain ödörBütün sayin edürДолоо дахь өдөрDoloo dakh' ödörDoloɣadaki edürNyam garagNim-a ɣaragAd'yaaAdiy-a

See also Public holidays in Mongolia

References