The Battle of Toulouse saw a French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult defend the city of Toulouse against the Marquess of Wellington's British, Portuguese, and Spanish army. The fighting took place on 10 April 1814 and Soult evacuated the city late in the evening of 11 April after suffering defeat. Allied casualties in the bitter fighting exceeded French losses by more than a thousand. Official news of the end of the war did not reach Wellington until the afternoon of 12 April.
Abbreviations used
Military rank Gen = General Lt Gen = Lieutenant-General Maj Gen = Major-General GD = général de division Brig Gen = Brigadier-General GB = général de brigade Col = Colonel Lt Col = Lieutenant Colonel Maj = Major Capt = Captain Lt = Lieutenant
Other (w) = wounded (mw) = mortally wounded (k) = killed in action (c) = captured
Anglo-allied army Commander-in-Chief: Field Marshal the Marquess of WellingtonSmith, p 519. Note that Smith does not list the regiments suffering no losses.Glover, p 358-359, p 382-387. Units not listed in Smith are inferred from Glover appendices 2 and 5.Hope's Corps (1st and 5th Divisions) was besieging Bayonne.
Cavalry Commander: Lt Gen Stapleton Cotton
Quartermaster-General: Maj Gen Sir George Murray
Adjutant-General: Maj Gen the Hon Edward Pakenham
Military Secretary: Capt (brevet Lt Col) Lord FitzRoy Somerset
Commander, Royal Artillery: brevet Lt Col Alexander Dickson
Commander, Royal Engineers: Lt Col Howard Elphinstone
Army total: 48,765 (40,325 infantry, 6,490 cavalry, 1,950 artillery)
Wellington's Corps
DivisionBrigadeRegiments and OthersLight Division Maj Gen Charles Alten (4,275 total)1st Brigade Maj Gen James Kempt 1/43rd Foot 1/95th Rifles 3/95th Rifles 3rd Portuguese Caçadores2nd Brigade Lt Col John Colborne 1/52nd Foot 2/95th Rifles 1st Portuguese Caçadores 17th Portuguese Line (2 bns)3rd Division Lt Gen Thomas Picton (4,566 total)1st Brigade Maj Gen Thomas Brisbane 1/45th Foot 1/74th Foot 1/88th Foot 5/60th Rifles2nd Brigade Col John Keane 1/5th Foot 2/83rd Foot 2/87th Foot 94th Foot3rd Brigade Maj Gen Manley Power 9th Portuguese Line (2 bns) 21st Portuguese Line (2 bns) 11th Portuguese CaçadoresCavalry Division Maj Gen Henry FaneOman, p 372-373. Oman writes that Fane exercised command over both his own brigade and Clifton's. (1,707 total)Heavy Cavalry Brigade Col Clifton (891 total) 1st Life Guards 2nd Life Guards Royal Horse GuardsLight Cavalry Brigade Col Doherty (vice Fane) (816 total) 13th Light Dragoons 14th Light DragoonsUnattached Cavalry Brigades (2,127 total)Heavy Cavalry Brigade Lord Charles Manners (1,426 total) 5th Dragoon Guards 3rd Dragoons 4th DragoonsHeavy Cavalry Brigade Brig Gen BülowLipscombe (2010) has Arentschildt commanding this brigade, and Grüben commandingthe KGL Hussar brigade (701 total) 1st KGL Dragoons 2nd KGL DragoonsArtillery (1,950 total)This figure is the total for artillery across the three Anglo-Portuguese corps Turner's Battery, Royal Artillery (RA) Gardiner's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery (RHA)Corps total: 14,625 (8,841 infantry, 3,834 cavalry, 1,950 artillery)
Freire's Corps (part of Spanish 4th Army) Gen Manuel FreireThe brigade of Morillo's Spanish 1st Division was also part of Freire's 4th Army, but operated under the command of Hill's corp for the battle (Lipscombe, 2010, p.349)
DivisionRegiments and OthersSpanish Provisional Division (Brigades from 3rd and 5th Divisions) Gen Antonio Garcés de Marcilla y Cerdán (3,959 total) Voluntarios de la Corona Voluntarios de Ribero (Ribeiro) Oviedo 1º Cántabro Laredo Tiradores de CantabriaSpanish 4th Division Gen José María de Ezpeleta y Enrile (3,576 total) 2º de Asturias 2º de Guadalajara 6º Regimiento de Marina Voluntarios de Asturias Regimento de SantiagoCavalry Húsares de Cantabria (120)Artillery Preto's Portuguese Battery Arriaga's Portuguese BatteryCorps total: 7,535 infantry
Hill's Corps Lt Gen Sir Rowland Hill
DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others2nd Division Lt Gen the Hon Sir William Stewart (6,940 total)1st Brigade Maj Gen John Byng 1/3rd Foot 1/57th Foot 1st Provisional Bn (2/31st and 2/66th Foot)2nd Brigade Maj Gen Edward Barnes 1/50th Foot 1/71st Foot 1/92nd Foot3rd Brigade Col the Hon Richard O'Callaghan 1/28th Foot 2/34th Foot 1/39th FootPortuguese Brigade Lt Col Henry Hardinge 6th Portuguese Line (2 bns) 18th Portuguese Line (2 bns) 6th Portuguese CaçadoresPortuguese Division Maj Gen Carlos Le Cor (3,952 total)1st Brigade Brig Gen Almeida 2nd Portuguese Line (2 bns) 14th Portuguese Line (2 bns)2nd Brigade Maj Gen John Buchan 4th Portuguese Line (2 bns) 10th Portuguese Line (2 bns) 10th Portuguese CaçadoresSpanish 1st Division Gen Pablo Morillo (2,001 total) León Victoria DoyleArtillery Maxwell's Battery, RA Beane's Troop, RHA Da Silva's Portuguese Battery Michael's Portuguese BatteryCorps total: 12,893 infantry
Beresford's Corps Marshal William Beresford
DivisionThe 7th Division had been left in Bordeaux (Glover p. 324)BrigadeRegiments and Others4th Division Lt Gen Galbraith Lowry Cole (5,363 total)1st Brigade Maj Gen William Anson 3/27th Foot 1/40th Foot 1/48th Foot2nd Brigade Maj Gen Robert Ross 1/7th Foot 1/20th Foot 1/23rd FootPortuguese Brigade Brig Gen José Vasconcellos 11th Portuguese Line 23rd Portuguese Line 7th Portuguese Caçadores6th Division Lt Gen Sir Henry Clinton (5,693 total)1st Brigade Maj Gen Denis Pack 1/42nd Foot 1/79th Foot 1/91st Foot2nd Brigade Maj Gen John Lambert 1/11th Foot 1/36th Foot 1/61st FootPortuguese Brigade Col James Douglas 8th Portuguese Line 12th Portuguese Line 9th Portuguese CaçadoresCavalry (2,656 total)1st Hussar Brigade Maj Gen Edward Somerset (1,717 total) 7th Hussars 10th Hussars 15th Hussars2nd Hussar Brigade Col Friedrich Arentschildt (vice Hussey VivianOman, p 372. Vivian was wounded on 8 April.) 1st Hussars KGL 18th HussarsArtillery Daniel's Battery, RA Brandreth's Battery, RACorps total: 13,712 (11,056 infantry, 2,656 cavalry)
French Army of Spain Commander-in-Chief: Marshal SoultSmith, p 500-501 and 518-519. For Toulouse, Smith lists the same unit totals as for Orthez. The following totals subtract the losses at Orthez given by Smith.Glover, p 394. To these totals must be added one of Harispe's brigades (Brigade Paris?) which was broken up after Orthez and used to reinforce other units.
Army total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery)
DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others1st Division GD Augustin Darricau (3,490 total)1st Brigade GB Joseph-François Fririon 6th Légère (1 bn) 76th Ligne (1 bn) 69th Ligne (2 bns)2nd Brigade GB Pierre André Hercule Berlier 36th Ligne (2 bns) 39th Ligne (1 bn) 65th Ligne (2 bns)2nd Division GD Jean Barthélemy Darmagnac (4,456 total)1st Brigade GB Louis Jean-Baptiste Leseur 31st Légère (2 bns) 51st Ligne (1 bn) 75th Ligne (2 bns)2nd Brigade GB Jean-Baptiste Pierre Menne 118th Ligne (3 bns) 120th Ligne (3 bns)4th Division GD Eloi Charlemagne Taupin (k) (4,864 total)1st Brigade GB Jean-Pierre-Antoine Rey 12th Légère (2 bns) 32nd Ligne (2 bns) 43rd Ligne (2 bns)2nd Brigade GB Joseph Gasquet 47th Ligne (2 bns) 55th Ligne (1 bn) 58th Ligne (1 bn)5th Division GD Jean-Pierre Maransin (3,196 total)1st Brigade GB Marie Étienne de Barbot 4th Légère (1 bn) 40th Ligne (2 bns) 50th Ligne (1 bn)2nd Brigade GB Claude Pierre Rouget 27th Ligne (1 bn) 34th Ligne (1 bn) 59th Ligne (1 bn)6th Division GD Eugene-Casimir Villatte (4,270 total)1st Brigade GB Louis Paul Baille de Saint-Pol 21st Légère (1 bn) 86th Ligne (1 bn) 96th Ligne (1 bn) 100th Ligne (1 bn)2nd Brigade GB Étienne François Lamorendière 28th Légère (1 bn) 103rd Ligne (1 bn) 119th Ligne (2 bns)8th Division GD Jean Isidore Harispe (4,250 total)1st Brigade GB Guillaume Dauture 9th Légère (2 bns) 25th Légère (2 bns) 34th Légère (2 bns)2nd Brigade GB Jean-Baptiste Charles Baurot 10th Légère (2 bns) 45th Ligne (1 bn) 81st Ligne (1 bn) 115th Ligne (1 bn) 116th Ligne (1 bn) 117th Ligne (1 bn)Reserve Division GD Jean-Pierre Travot (7,267 total)1st Brigade GB Bernard Pourailly 4 bns conscripts2nd Brigade GB Armand Wouillemont de Vivier 4 bns conscriptsCavalry Division GD Pierre Benoît Soult (2,700 total)1st Brigade GB Jean-Baptiste Berton 2nd Hussars 13th Chasseurs à Cheval 21st Chasseurs à Cheval2nd Brigade GB Charles Guillaume Vial d'Alais 5th Chasseurs à Cheval 10th Chasseurs à Cheval 15th Chasseurs à Cheval 22nd Chasseurs à ChevalAuxiliaries (4,350 total) Artillery, Engineers, OtherArmy total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery)
References
Books Chandler, David. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979. Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001. Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. Oman, Charles. Wellington's Army, 1809-1814. London: Greenhill, (1913) 1993.