This is a list of named volcanic surface features on Jupiter's moon Io. These names have been approved for use by the International Astronomical Union. The features listed below represent a subset of the total known volcanic features on Io's surface with the majority currently not having an officially approved name.
The names of volcanic features on Io use a combination of a name derived from mythological figures from around the world related to the Sun, fire, volcanoes, thunder, or smithing, places from the Greek mythological story of Io, Dante's Inferno, or from the name of a nearby feature on Io's surface and an approved descriptive term. The descriptive term used is based on the type of feature named and how it was first discovered. Volcanoes that were first observed as an active feature from observations of a volcanic plume fit under the category of "Eruptive Center" and do not use a descriptive term, though portions of these features may have also received names that do use a descriptive term, like Prometheus Patera or Masubi Fluctus. Lava flows use the descriptive term fluctus or the plural fluctūs, e.g. Acala Fluctus. Volcanic depressions use the term patera or the plural paterae, e.g. Ah Peku Patera. The term has also become the generic term for referring to these structures. Small shield volcanoes use the term tholus or the plural tholi, e.g. Inachus Tholus. Finally, channels carved by volcanic lava flows through thermal erosion use the term vallis or the plural valles.
See also the list of mountains on Io and the list of regions on Io.
Eruptive centers
Eruptive centers on Io are locations typically where major volcanic activity was observed and characterized before the volcanic landform was. Coordinate, diameter, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website. All of these features have been observed as active volcanoes on Io.
Volcano Named after Coordinates Amirani Amirani (Georgian) Kanehekili Kāne Milohai (Hawaiian) Loki Loki (Norse) Marduk Marduk (Babylonian) Masubi Ho-Masubi (Japanese) Maui Māui (Hawaiian) Pele Pele (Hawaiian) Prometheus Prometheus (Greek) Surt Surtr (Icelandic) Tonatiuh Tonatiuh (Aztec) Thor Thor (Norse) Volund Völundr (Norse) Xihe Xihe (Chinese) Zamama Zamama (Sumerian)
Paterae
The following table lists named volcanic depressions or paterae on Io. Coordinate, diameter, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website. Notes on whether the patera has been observed as an active volcano by either ground-based astronomers, the Hubble Space Telescope, or the various spacecraft that have encountered the Jupiter system come from the book, Volcanism on Io, unless otherwise noted.
In 2006, the use of the term catena , for Ionian volcanoes with multiple depressions, was discontinued in favor of the plural paterae . These features are Tvashtar Paterae, Reshet Paterae, and Mazda Paterae.
Patera Named after Coordinates Diameter (km) Activity Observed Ababinili Patera Ababinili (Chickasaw) 105.0 No Agni Patera Agni (Hindu and others) 19.7 No Ah Peku Patera Ah Peku (Mayan) 84.0 Yes Aidne Patera Aidne (Irish) 30.26 Yes Altjirra Patera Altjira (Australian Aboriginal) 52.55 Yes Amaterasu Patera Amaterasu (Japanese) 93.1 Yes Angpetu Patera Angpetu (Dakota) 13.68 No Aramazd Patera Aramazd (Armenian) 68.82 No Arusha Patera Arusha (Hindu) 68.07 Yes Asha Patera Asha (Zoroastrian) 108.33 Yes Asis Patera Asis (Nandi) 98.00 Yes Ātar Patera Atar (Zoroastrian) 86.41 Yes Aten Patera Aten (Egyptian) 43.4 Yes Babbar Patera Babbar (Sumerian) 85.74 Yes Balder Patera Balder (Norse) 42.0 No Belenus Patera Belenus (Celtic) 23.01 No Bochica Patera Bochica (Muisca) 52.38 No Camaxtli Patera Camaxtli (Aztec) 58.39 Yes Carancho Patera Carancho (Bolivian) 30.04 No Cataquil Patera Catequil (Inca) 133.95 No Catha Patera Cautha (Etruscan) 68.59 Yes Chaac Patera Chaac (Mayan) 95.88 Yes Chors Patera Chors (Slavic) 64.97 Yes Creidne Patera Creidhne (Celtic) 152.82 Yes Cuchi Patera Cuchi (Australian Aboriginal) 76.28 Yes Culann Patera Culann (Celtic) 54.48 Yes Daedalus Patera Daedalus (Greek) 73.29 Yes Dazhbog Patera Dazhbog (Slavic) 118.39 Yes Dingir Patera Dingir (Sumerian) 47.38 No Dusura Patera Dusura (Nabataean) 68.58 Yes Ekhi Patera Ekhi (Basque) 51.04 Yes Emakong Patera Emakong (Sulca people of New Britain) 80.08 Yes Estan Patera Estan (Hittite) 95.0 Yes Fo Patera Fo (Chinese) 47.15 Yes Fuchi Patera Kamuy Fuchi (Ainu) 63.67 Yes Gabija Patera Gabija (Lithuanian) 48.0 Yes Galai Patera Galai (Mongolis fire god) 105.23 No Gauwa Patera Gauwa (!Kung) 27.00 Yes Gibil Patera Gibil (Sumerian) 102.38 Yes? Girru Patera Girru (Babylonian) 68.23 Yes Gish Bar Patera Gish Bar (Babylonian) 122.25 Yes Grannos Patera Grannus (Celtic) 45.0 No Grian Patera Grian (Celtic) 70.0 Yes Gurzil Patera Gurzil (Berber) 51.00 Yes Haokah Patera Haokah (Lakota) 53.86 Yes Hatchawa Patera Hatchawa (Yaroro) 84.98 No Heiseb Patera Heiseb (Bushman) 62.48 No Heno Patera Heno (Iroquois) 71.06 Yes Hephaestus Patera Hephaestus (Greek) 38.84 Yes Hiʻiaka Patera Hiʻiaka (Hawaiian) 128.27 Yes Hiruko Patera Hiruko (Japanese) 89.54 No Horus Patera Horus (Egyptian) 144.21 No Huo Shen Patera Huo Shen (Chinese) 62.73 No Ilmarinen Patera Ilmarinen (Finnish) 45.94 No Inti Patera Inti (Inca) 70.91 No Isum Patera Isum (Assyrian) 62.24 Yes Itzamna Patera Itzamna (Mayan) 126.36 Yes Janus Patera Janus (Roman) 60.07 Yes Kami-Nari Patera Kami-Nari (Japanese) 53.39 No Kane Patera Kāne (Hawaiian) 135.77 No Kanlaon Patera Kan-Laon (Philippine) 94.0 Yes Karei Patera Karei (Semang people of the Malay Peninsula) 35.29 Yes Kava Patera Kava (mythology) (Persian) 63.82 No Khalla Patera Khalla (Bushman) 48.24 No Kibero Patera Kibero (Yaroro) 63.13 No Kinich Ahau Patera Kinich Ahau (Mayan) 45.21 Yes Kotar Patera Kothar-wa-Khasis (Ugaritic) 67.00 Yes Kurdalagon Patera Kurdalagon (Ossetian) 28.15 Yes Laki-oi Patera Laki-oi (Kayan people of Borneo) 105.16 No Llew Patera Llew (Celtic) 78.0 Yes Loki Patera Loki (Norse) 227.79 Yes Lu Huo Patera Lu Huo (Chinese) 63.95 No Maasaw Patera Masau'u (Hopi) 43.99 No Mafuike Patera Mahu-ike (Polynesian) 148.32 No Malik Patera Malik (Babylonian and Canaanite) 121.68 Yes Mama Patera Mama (Chibchan people of Central America) 15.72 No Mandulis Patera Mandulis (Kushite) 37.00 Yes Manua Patera Manua (Hawaiian) 110.51 Yes Masaya Patera Masaya (Nicaraguan) 55.09 No Maui Patera Māui (Hawaiian) 37.84 Yes Mazda Paterae Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian) 240.78 Yes Mbali Patera Mbali (Pygmy) 40.7 Yes Menahka Patera Menahka (Mandan) people of North America) 9.15 No Mentu Patera Mentu (Egyptian) 103.0 No Michabo Patera Michabo (Algonquian peoples of North America) 104.0 Yes Mihr Patera Mihr (Armenian) 61.72 Yes Mithra Patera Mithra (Zoroastrian) 33.78 Yes Monan Patera a god of the Tupí-Guaraní (Brazil) in English by Rosaly Lopes, who named Monan. 112.89 Yes Mulungu Patera Mulungu (East African) 62.48 Yes Namarrkun Patera Namarrkun (Australian Aboriginal) 16.69 No Nina Patera Nina (Inca) 52.07 No Nunurta Patera Ninurta (Sumerian and Akkadian) 82.34 No Nusku Patera Nusku (Assyrian) 124.31 Yes Nyambe Patera Nyambe (Zambezi) 58.15 No Odqan Patera Odqan (Mongol) 86 Yes Olafat Patera Olafat (Caroline Islands) 119 Yes Ot Patera Ot Ene (Mongol) 52.26 Yes Päive Patera Päive (Sami) 59.05 No Päive Patera Päive (Sami) 59.05 Yes Pajonn Patera Pajonn (Sami) 59.05 Yes Pautiwa Patera Pautiwa (Hopi) 6.62 No Pillan Patera Pillan (Mapuche people of South America) 73.43 Yes Podja Patera Podja (Evenk people of Russia and China) 67.03 No Prometheus Patera Prometheus (Greek) 73.43 Yes Purgine Patera Purgine (Mordvin people of Russia) 35.74 No Pyerun Patera Perun (Slavic) 52.18 Yes Ra Patera Ra (Egyptian) 39.11 Yes Radegast Patera Radegast (Slavic) 27.11 Yes Rarog Patera Rarog (Slavic) 104.35 Yes Rata Patera Rātā (Māori) 46.31 Yes Reiden Patera Reiden (Japanese) 73.26 Yes Reshef Patera Reshef (Phoenician) 62.0 No Reshet Paterae Reshet (Aramaic) 148.34 No Ruaumoko Patera Ruaumoko (Māori) 19.0 Yes Ruwa Patera Ruwa (East African) 62.44 Yes Savitr Patera Savitr (Hindu) 92.48 No Sêd Patera Sêd (Phoenician) 52.1 No Sengen Patera Sengen (Japanese) 63.64 Yes Seth Patera Seth (Egyptian) 59.82 Yes Sethlaus Patera Sethlans (Etruscan) 78.57 Yes Shakuru Patera Shakuru (Pawnee people of North America) 105.01 Yes Shamash Patera Shamash (Babylonian and Assyrian) 205.3 Yes Shamshu Patera Shamshu (Arabian) 96.36 Yes Shango Patera Shango (Yorùbá) 90.22 Yes Shoshu Patera Shoshu (Caucasian) 13.08 No Shurdi Patera Shurdh (Albanian) 13.08 Yes Sigurd Patera Sigurd (Norse) 68.6 Yes Siun Patera Siun (Nanai people of Siberia) 52.5 No Steropes Patera Steropes (Greek) 20.0 No Sui Jen Patera Sui Jen (Chinese) 33.78 No Surya Patera Surya (Hindu) 49.81 Yes Susanoo Patera Susanoo (Japanese) 58.41 Yes Svarog Patera Svarog (Slavic) 124.03 Yes Tabiti Patera Tabiti (Scythian) 103 Yes Talos Patera Talos (Greek) 24.67 No Taranis Patera Taranis (Celtic) 130.67 No Taw Patera Taw (Monguor) 4.74 No Tawhaki Patera Tawhaki (Maori) 49.85 Yes Thomagata Patera Thomagata (Muisca) 59.0 No Tien Mu Patera Tien Mu (Chinese) 28.0 Yes Tiermes Patera Tiermes (Sami) 79.76 Yes Tiwaz Patera Tiwaz (Luwian) 78 Yes Tohil Patera Tohil (Mayan) 76.59 No Tol-Ava Patera Tol-Ava (Mordvin people of Russia) 84.53 No Tung Yo Patera Tung Yo (Chinese) 59.68 No Tupan Patera the thunder god Tupan of the Tupí-Guaraní people of Brazil in English by Rosaly Lopes, who named Tupan. 79.13 Yes Tvashtar Paterae Tvashtri (Hindu) 306.19 Yes Ukko Patera Ukko (Finnish) 35.25 Yes Ülgen Patera Ülgen (Siberian) 43.89 Yes Uta Patera Utu (Sumerian) 43.89 Yes Vahagn Patera Vahagn (Armenian) 99.6 No Verbti Patera Verbt (Albanian) 62.00 Yes Viracocha Patera Viracocha (Inca) 59.3 Yes Vivasvant Patera Vivasvant (Hindu) 83.19 Yes Wabasso Patera Wabasso (Potawatomi people of North America) 32.0 No Wanajo Patera Wanajo (Louisiade Archipelago) 24.0 Yes Wayland Patera Wayland the Smith (Germanic) 63.37 Yes Yaw Patera Yaw (Hebrew) 39.0 Yes Yeloje Patera Yeloje (Yukaghir) 107.00 Yes Zal Patera Zal (Persian) 165.94 Yes
Lava flows Ionian fluctūs (areas of lava flow) are named after fire and thunder gods in various mythologies, or after locations in Greek mythology associated with Io. Coordinate, length, and name source come from the IAU's Solar System Nomenclature Website. Notes on whether the lava flow has been observed as part of an active volcano by either ground-based astronomers, the Hubble Space Telescope, or the various spacecraft that have encountered the Jupiter system come from the book, Volcanism on Io, unless otherwise noted.
Fluctus Named after Coordinates Length Activity Observed Acala Fluctus Acala (Buddhism) 411.11 km Yes Arinna Fluctus Arinna (Hittite) 121.94 km Yes Donar Fluctus Donar (Germanic) 222.47 km Yes Euboea Fluctūs Euboea (Greek) 104.82 km No Fjorgynn Fluctus Fjorgyn (Norse) 414.07 km Yes Kanehekili Fluctus Kāne Milohai (Hawaiian) 243.47 km Yes Lei-Kung Fluctus Lei Gong (Chinese) 386.17 km Yes Lei-zi Fluctus Leizi (Chinese) 361.1 km No Marduk Fluctus Marduk (Sumerian) 169.43 km Yes Masubi Fluctus Ho-Masubi (Japanese) 501.33 km Yes Mixcoatl Fluctus Mixcoatl (Aztec) 246.0 km Yes Quzah Fluctūs Quzah (Arabian) 189.0 km Yes Sobo Fluctus Sobo (Vodou) 58.83 km Yes Tsũi Goab Fluctus Tsui (Khoikhoi) 117.0 km Yes Tung Yo Fluctus Tung Yo (Chinese) 459.37 km No Upulevo Fluctus Upulevo (Timorese) 113.0 km Yes Uta Fluctus Utu (Sumerian) 332.31 km No
Shield volcanoes Ionian shield volcanoes or tholi are named after mythological figures associated with fire or with the nymph Io.
Tholus Named after Coordinates Length Height Apis Tholus Apis (Greek) 145.71 km N/A Inachus Tholus Inachus (Greek) 176.96 km 1.8 km Tsũi Goab Tholus Tsui (Khoikhoi) 53.0 km 0.8 km
Lava channels Ionian lava channels that cut into the surrounding terrain use the term vallis.
Vallis Named after Coordinates Length Tawhaki Vallis Tawhaki (Maori) 190.0 kilometer (km)
References