Thoracic insufficiency syndrome is the inability of the thorax to support normal respiration.The Characteristics of Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome Associated with Fused Ribs and Congenital Scoliosis; Campbell, R. M. et al.; The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc., 2003 It is frequently associated with chest and/or spinal abnormalities. Treatment options are limited, but include supportive pulmonary care and surgical options (thoracoplasty and/or implantation of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) devices).
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