The (Spanish for salad) is a genre of polyphonic secular music mixing languages and dialects and nonsensical quodlibets.
The term is known mainly through a publication, Prague (1581), by Mateo Flecha the Younger, that contains six long four-part vocal compositions by his uncle Mateo Flecha (1481–1553).Wasby, Roger H. Matheo Flecha. 1995"Matteo Flecha" in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 6 (1980), p. 632 Each of these is divided into several sections, ranging from seven to twelve. The music is for four voices.New Oxford History of Music, Volume 4 (1990), p. 407Esses, M. Dance and Instrumental Diferencias in Spain During the 17th and Early 18th Century (1993) p. 35
Apart from the by Mateo Flecha, there are also two examples by Mateo Flecha the younger, two by Pere Alberch Vila, several by Bartolomé Cárceres, one by the unknown F. Chacón and several anonymous sources. There is also an instrumental for organ by Sebastián Aguilera de Heredia.
Works
Prague 1581 El Fuego (the fire) – Flecha La Bomba (the pump) – Flecha La Negrina (the black girl) – Flecha La Guerra (the battle) – Flecha El Bon Jorn (the good day) – Vila La Justa (the joust) – Flecha La Viuda (the widow) – Flecha La Feria (the fair) – Flecha (the younger) Las Cañas (the pan-pipas) – Flecha (the younger) La Trulla - Càrceres La Lucha (the struggle) – Vila Los Chistes (the jokes) – Flecha Las Cañas II (the pan-pipes II) – Flecha El Molino (the mill) – Chacón
SupplementLas Ensaladas (Praga,1581) con un Suplemento de obras del género, Maricarmen Gómez Muntané (ed.). Valencia, Generalitat (IVM), 2008. 3 vols. El Jubilate – Flecha La Caza (the hunt) – Flecha El Toro (the bull) – Flecha La Negrina (the black woman) – Cárceres Las Cañas III (the pan-pipes III) – Brudieu
Francisco de Peñalosa Por las sierras de Madrid, for 6 voices. Tú que vienes de camino, for 2 voices. Garcimuñóz (attributed) Una montaña pasando, for 4 voices
Anon. Quien madruga Dios le ayuda. Romancero 1612
Sources
Manuscripts Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya, Ms 454 (Cancionero de Barcelona). Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya. Ms 588 I Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya. Ms 588 II. Cancionero de Medinaceli Palma de Mallorca, Fundación Bartolomé Marchalso known as Madrid, Biblioteca Privada de Bartolomé March Servera, R. 6829 (861); olim Biblioteca de la Casa del Duque de Medinaceli, MS 13230.
Printed editions Cancionero de Uppsala. Villancicos de diversos autores. Jerónimo Scotto. Venecia. 1556 Las ensaladas de Flecha. Mateo Flecha el joven. Editor: Lorge Negrino. Praga. 1581. (only bass survives) Le difficile de Chansons. Second Livre. Jacques Moderne. Lyon. La justa, titled La Bataille en Spagnol.
Transcriptions for voice and vihuela Orphénica Lyra, Miguel de Fuenllana. Silva de Sirenas, Enríquez de Valderrábano. Libro de música de vihuela, Diego Pisador.
References Historia de la Música en España e Hispanoamérica 2. De los Reyes Católicos a Felipe II, Maricarmen Gómez (ed.). Madrid-México D.F., Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2012 (chapters II-III).