Schoenorchis, commonly known as flea orchids, or 匙唇兰属 (chi chun lan shu) in Chinese, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are small epiphytes with thin roots, thin leafy stems with leaves in two ranks and tiny fragrant, almost tube-shaped flowers with a prominently spurred labellum. There are about twenty five species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.
Description Orchids in the genus Schoenorchis are small epiphytic, monopodial herbs with thin roots, sometimes with branching stems and flat to almost cylindrical leaves with their bases sheathing the thin, fibrous stems. The flowers are small, fleshy, fragrant, often white or reddish purple and do not open widely. The sepals and petals overlap at the base so that the flowers often appear tube-shaped. The labellum is rigidly fixed to the column, usually longer than the petals and has three lobes with a spur at its base. The side lobes of the labellum are erect and the middle lobe is often spatula-shaped.
Etymology The name Schoenorchis is derived from the Ancient Greek words schoinos meaning "sedge", "rush-rope" or "rope" and orchis meaning "testicle" or "orchid". This is thought to refer to the terete leaves of some of the species.Teoh, E. (2022). "Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 3 (R - Z)." p. 99. Springer International Publishing.
Taxonomy The genus Schoenorchis was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume from an unpublished description by Caspar Reinwardt and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. The type species is Schoenorchis juncifolia Reinw. ex Blume.
Sections The genus was divided into the sections Pumila, Schoenorchis, and Racemosae.Schoenorchis. (2022, December 9). Wikispecies, . Retrieved 20:47, December 29, 2022 from https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schoenorchis&oldid=9039601.Аверьянов, Л. В. (1994). "Определитель орхидных (Orchidaceae Juss.) Вьетнама." Мир и Семья.
Species list The following is a list of species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at January 2019: Schoenorchis aurea (Ridl.) Garay - Sarawak Schoenorchis brevirachis Seidenf. - Vietnam Schoenorchis buddleiflora (Schltr. & J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. - Sumatra, Borneo Schoenorchis endertii (J.J.Sm.) Christenson & J.J.Wood - Borneo Schoenorchis fragrans (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. & Smitinand - Yunnan, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. - Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Assam, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam Schoenorchis hangianae Aver. & Duy Schoenorchis jerdoniana (Wight) Garay - southern India Schoenorchis juncifolia Reinw. ex Blume - Borneo, Java, Malaysia, Sumatra Schoenorchis manilaliana M.Kumar & Sequiera - Kerala Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. ex Blume - Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomons, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu Schoenorchis minutiflora (Ridl.) J.J.Sm. - Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia Schoenorchis nivea (Lindl.) Schltr. - Sri Lanka Schoenorchis pachyacris (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. - Java, Sumatra Schoenorchis pachyglossa (Lindl.) Garay - Borneo Schoenorchis paniculata Blume - Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Bali, Flores, Lombok, Timor Schoenorchis phitamii Aver. - Vietnam Schoenorchis sarcophylla Schltr. - Papua New Guinea, Queensland Schoenorchis scolopendria Aver. - Vietnam Schoenorchis secundiflora (Ridl.) J.J.Sm. - Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia Schoenorchis seidenfadenii Pradhan - Thailand, Vietnam Schoenorchis smeeana (Rchb.f.) Jalal, Jayanthi & Schuit. Schoenorchis subulata (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. - Sulawesi Schoenorchis sumatrana J.J.Sm. - Sumatra Schoenorchis tortifolia (Jayaw.) Garay - Sri Lanka Schoenorchis vanoverberghii Ames - Taiwan, Philippines
Newly described species Schoenorchis mishmensis K.Gogoi, Mega & Chowlu - IndiaGOGOI, K., MEGA, P., & CHOWLU, K. (2022). Schoenorchis mishmensis sp. nov.(Orchidaceae) from Mishmi Hills, Lower Dibang Valley District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Phytotaxa, 575(1), 97-103.Schoenorchis mishmensis K.Gogoi, Mega & Chowlu. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.ipni.org/n/77309696-1
Distribution Orchids in this genus occur in China, the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu and northern Australia.
Ecology Pollination The small, entomophilous, colourful flowers of Schoenorchis gemmata produce nectar and fragrance during the daytime and they are believed to be pollinated by insects of the order Hymenoptera. More specifically, pollination by bees has been reported. Apart from insect pollination, autogamy has been also reported to occur, for instance in Schoenorchis paniculata,Stpiczyńska, M., Davies, K. L., & Kamińska, M. (2011). "Comparative anatomy of the nectary spur in selected species of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae)." Annals of Botany, 107(3), 327-345. and possibly in Schoenorchis sarcophylla.
Conservation Some species are very rare. Only 20 individuals of Schoenorchis mishmensis K.Gogoi, Mega & Chowlu are known to exist in the wild, and it is therefore thought to be critically endangered.
See also List of Orchidaceae genera
References