This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
Drug Other common names Image First synthesis Dates of clinical use Chemical/structural class Duration of effectamylocaineStovaine1904 (Ernest Fourneau)ester- benzoicambucainediester - aminosalicylicarticaineAstracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, ZorcaineAmidebenzocaineAnbesol, OrajelEster - AminobenzoicShortbenzonatateTessalonbupivacaineMarcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine1957 (Ekenstam)1963 (Widman and Telivuo)AmideModeratebutacaineester- aminobenzoicbutanilicaineAmidechloroprocaineNesacaineEster - Aminobenzoiccinchocaine (INN)dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine1925 (Meischer)1930 (Uhlmann)Ester - Aminobenzoiccocaine1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter)1884 (Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted)Ester - BenzoiccyclomethycaineS. M. McElvain and T. P. Carney, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 68, 2592 (1946).Ester - hydroxybenzoicdibucaineK. Miescher, Helv. Chim. Acta, 15, 163 (1932).Amidediperodon44. T. H. Rider, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 52, 2115 (1930).M. S. Raasch and W. R. Brode, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 64, 1112 (1942).dimethocainelarocaineeucaineα-Eucaine, β-eucaine α-eucaine β-eucaine 1900. α βG. Meiling, Chem. Ber., 6, 173 (1896).H. King, J. Chem. Soc, 125, 41 (1924).etidocaineDuranest1971 (Takman)1972 (Lund)hexylcaineCyclaine, Osmocainefomocaineester - phenylfotocainehydroxyprocaineW. Grimme and H. Schmitz, Chem. Ber., 84, 734 (1917).ester - aminosalicylicisobucaineJ. R. Reasenberg and S. D. Goldberg, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 67, 933 (1945).Ester - benzoiclevobupivacaineChirocaine1990s (Mather and Tucker)1995lidocaine (lignocaine)Xylocaine1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist)1947 (Torsten Gordh)mepivacaineCarbocaine, Polocaine1956 (Ekenstam and Egner)1957 (Dhuner)meprylcaineEpirocainmetabutoxycainenitracaineEster- Aminobenzoicorthocaineoxetacaine (oxethazaine)oxybuprocainebenoxinate, NovesineParaethoxycaineW. G. Christiansen and S. E. Harris, U. S. Patent 2,404,691 (1946).phenacaineHolocainepiperocainemetycainepiridocaineL. A. Walter and R. J. Fosbinder, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 61, 1713 (1939).pramocainepramoxineprilocaineCitanest1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner)1960 (Wielding)PrimacaineprocaineNovocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine1904 (Alfred Einhorn)1905 (Heinrich Braun)procainamideproparacaineproxymetacainepropoxycainePyrrocaineN. Lofgren, C. Tegner, and B. Takman, Acta Chem. Scand., 11, 1724 (1957).quinisocaine (INN)dimethisoquin (USAN)T. H. Rider, J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 52, 2115 (1930).ropivacaineNaropin1957 (Ekenstam)1997trimecaineMesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokaintetracaineamethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine1928 (O. Eisleb)1931TolycaineR. Hiltmann, F. Mietzsch, and W. Wirth, (1960).Tropacocaine
See also
4-Aminobenzoic acid Amino amide Amino esters Anesthesia Anesthetic Brachial plexus block Cocaine analogues: local anesthetics Dental anesthesia Dibucaine number Epidural Intravenous regional anesthesia Local anesthesia Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor Local anesthetic toxicity Methemoglobin Sodium channel blocker Spinal anesthesia Topical anesthesia Veterinary anesthesia
References