The Commonwealth and Protectorate (1649–1660) refers to the kingless governments of England (including Wales and Cornwall), Scotland, Great Britain and Ireland during the Interregnum between the actual reigns of the Stuart King Charles I (1625–1649) and his son King Charles II (1660–1685).
See Commonwealth of England (under parliamentary rule, 1649–1653 and 1659–1660) and The Protectorate (The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, 1653–1659), under the Lords Protectors, first Oliver Cromwell (1653–1658) and then his son Richard Cromwell (1658–1659).
See also
England Interregnum (England) Kingdom of England English Civil War Cornwall in the English Civil War Restoration (England)
Great Britain, Ireland and the colonies
British Interregnum Wars of the Three Kingdoms English overseas possessions in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Colony of Virginia#English Civil War and Commonwealth (1642–1660) Battle of the Severn (Maryland, 1655) Restoration (1660)
Scotland Interregnum (Scotland) Scotland in the Early Modern Era Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Scotland under the Commonwealth Restoration (Scotland)
Ireland Interregnum (Ireland) Kingdom of Ireland Confederate Ireland Irish Confederate Wars Cromwellian conquest of Ireland Restoration (Ireland)
External links United Kingdom: Flags (and arms) of the Interregnum, 1649–1660, Flags of the World web site, retrieved 13 May 2013