This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Take care in comparing the cost of projects from different times—even a few years apart—due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current .
According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people."
Completed projects
ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (USD billions)Start ofconstructionYear ofcompletionImageNotesAt or neartime ofcompletion Adjusted forinflationTokaido ShinkansenHigh-speed railTaiheiyō Belt19591964Original segment of the first shinkansen lineÇanakkale 1915 BridgeBridge (road)Çanakkale420172022Spans two continents. Longest suspension bridge span in the world.Sha Tin to Central LinkRapid transit, From Tai Wai, New Territories to Admiralty, Hong Kong Island11.6 2012 2022La Línea TunnelTunnel (road)Cordillera Central 20092020 Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgradeSoutheast England 2009 2020(GBP7bn)Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnelTunnel (road)Seattle3.320132019MRT Yellow LineRapid TransitBangkok Metropolian Region1.6820172023As of now. No extension is plannedMRT Pink LineRapid TransitBangkok Metropolian Region1.620172025Last extension in May 2025Santiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension.Rapid transitSantiago2.1720122023Combined cost of initial line and extension.Santiago Metro Line 6Rapid transitSantiago1.2620142017Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road) (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia) 3.7 2015 2019Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau BridgeBridge–tunnel, Zhuhai, and 2009 2018¥127 billionNew Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road)South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.9820132018 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway Jerusalem, Israel –– 2001 2004 (first section)2007 (second section)2018 (final section) NIS7-9 billionAbuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)Light RailAbuja 2.7 2007 2018 Noord/ZuidlijnRapid transit lineAmsterdam 2002 2018(€3.1bn) Klang Valley MRT Line 1Rapid transitKuala Lumpur 11.7 2012 2017 (MYR36B)Ionia OdosHighwayWestern Greece 1.8 2007 2017(€1.4bn) Otoyol 5 HighwayIstanbul to İzmir 720132019 Including Osman Gazi Bridge which has the 8th longest suspension bridge span in the world.German Unification Transport Projects(Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit)Transport project to achieve German unity42 1991 2016 – continues expansion until 2020AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail4419922016 - continues expansion 40 billion eurosYavuz Sultan Selim BridgeBridge (rail/road)Istanbul220132016 World's fifth-tallest bridge of any type.Evergreen Point Floating BridgeBridge (road)Seattle and Medina, Washington4.5620122016Eurasia TunnelTunnel (undersea, road)Istanbul1.320112016 Spans two continents.Gotthard Base TunnelTunnel (rail)Swiss Alps 19992016 (CHF 9.56 billion)World Trade Center Transportation HubTransit center and retailNew York City3.9 2006 2016Blanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road)Prague 2006 201543bn KčAdler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railwayHighway and railway 9.4 2014Budapest Metro Line 4Rapid transit lineBudapest 20042014(HUF 452.5 bn)Marina Coastal ExpresswayHighway 2008 2013(S$4.3 bn)Marmaray TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)Istanbul4.520042008(Phase I)2013(Phase II)Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road)San Francisco Bay Area 6.5 2002 2013Russky BridgeBridge (road)Vladivostok(Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula)and Russky Island1.120082012Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte BridgeHighway and road bridgeDurango – Sinaloa1.46 2008 2012Jiaozhou Bay BridgeBridge (road)Shandong 1.5 2007 2011Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railwayHigh-speed railEastern China (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing) 33.12008 2011(RMB 220.9bn)Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road)Brisbane 2006 2010 CBD and South East Light Rail Light railSydney 2015 2019Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail 2005 2009 (RMB 116.6bn)Egnatia OdosHighwayNorthern Greece 8.4 1994 2009(€5.9bn)Incheon BridgeBridge (road)Incheon 2.12 2005 2009(; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)Sound Transit '1 line' (initial segment)Light railSeattle metropolitan area 2.9 2003 2009Bologna–Florence high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail 1996 2009(€5.89 billion)Milan–Bologna high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail 1993 2008(€6.92 billion)Beijing–Tianjin intercity railwayHigh-speed railBeijing and Tianjin 2.34 2005 2008High Speed 1High-speed railSouth East England 1998 2007 (£6.84 billion)Lötschberg Base Tunnel (initial bore)Tunnel (rail)Swiss Alps 19992007(CHF 4.3 billion)Copenhagen Metro phase 1–3Rapid transitCopenhagen1.47 See p. 22.1996200711,400,000,000 DKK"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road)Boston 221991 200714.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interestColorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgradeDenver1.720012006Shanghai Maglev TrainHigh-speed rail, MaglevShanghai 1.4 2001 2004Red Line and Purple LineRapid transitLos Angeles4.519862000 represents expenditure prior to the D Line ExtensionToei Ōedo LineRapid transitTokyo 1988 2000 (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)Jubilee Line ExtensionRapid transit lineLondon6.83199319993.5 billion GBP US$6.83 billion is for 2010 pricesHonshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges 17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku 48 1978 19994 trillion YenØresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road), - 5.7 1995 1999(DKK30.1bn)Great Belt Fixed LinkBridge–tunnel (rail/road) 1988 1998(DKK21.4bn)Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road)Lisbon 1.3 1995 1998(€897m / 180bn PTE)Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road)Kobe 5Megastructures. National Geographic for Channel Five. 1988 1998Channel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)Strait of Dover, English Channel between the and 15.4 1988 1994(GBP9.5bn)Interstate Highway SystemHighway Network 1141956 1992425 billion in 2006 dollarsNeuharth, Al (June 23, 2006). "Traveling Interstates is our Sixth Freedom". USA Today. 548 billion in 2021 dollars Baikal–Amur Mainline Railway (modern-day )Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia)15Unknown19741984 Bay Area Rapid TransitRapid transitSan Francisco Bay Area1.586 1964 1976 - continues expansion$ adjusted for inflationSt. Lawrence SeawayCanal system, St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the and 0.47019541959Caracas-La Guaira highway HighwayGreater Caracas0.0619501953Trans-Siberian RailwayRailway (modern-day )Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-day Russia)0.77018911916Panama CanalCanal0.37518811914First transcontinental railroadRailwayOmaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California0.118631869$ adjusted for inflationSuez CanalCanal (modern-day )Sinai Peninsula, Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt)0.082 1859 1869 Suez Canal expansionCanal expansionSinai Peninsula820142015Washington MetroRapid transitWashington metropolitan area9.419692001Silver LineRapid transitNorthern Virginia620092014 (Phase 1)2022 (Phase 2)While the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia.Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)Light railSan Diego2.1720162021Green Line ExtensionLight railGreater Boston 2.28 2012 2022Highway Vespucio OrienteTunnel (road)Santiago1.120172022East Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station)Transit center, commuter railNew York City11.120072023The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal.Taichung MRTRapid transitTaichung2.08 2009 2021Almaty MetroRapid transitAlmaty1 1988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union) 2011Dubai MetroRapid transitDubai 2006 2009Canada LineRapid transitGreater Vancouver 2005 2009$2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006 Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transitNew York City 4.4 2007 2017Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase IRapid transitSan Francisco Bay Area2.3 2012 2020Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1)Rapid transitAlgiers1.2 1982 (was suspended for a time) 2011Changsha Metro, Line 2Rapid transitChangsha 2009 2014Doha MetroRapid transitDoha36 2013 2019Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayMombasa NairobiNaivasha5.3 2013 2019Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bnEdinburgh TramsLight railEdinburgh 2008 2014(£1.043bn)Padma BridgeBridge (rail/road)Padma River3.6 2014 2022Woodrow Wilson BridgeBridge (Bascule)Washington metropolitan area2.357 2000 2013Verrazzano–Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck)Bridge (road)New York City0.320 1959 1964AirTrain JFKPeople moverNew York City1.9 1998 2003While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.Taiwan High Speed RailHigh-speed rail14.63 2000 2007480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion.Goethals Bridge (replacement)Bridge (road)New York City and New Jersey1.25 2014 2017 (New eastbound span)2018 (New westbound span)Danyang-Kunshan Grand BridgeBridge (rail)Shanghai and Nanjing8.5 2006 2011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)Bolshaya Koltsevaya lineRapid transitMoscow 2011 2023Seikan TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)Tsugaru Strait 1971 1988Rennes Metro Line BRapid transitRennes1.405 2014 2022€1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment)Rapid transitParis1.2682 1993 2007Inflation clock starting in 2004Crossrail 1Commuter rail, Rapid transitGreater London23.0 2007 2023 A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex.