The following events occurred in February 1946:
February 1, 1946 (Friday) Trygve Lie was sworn in as the first Secretary General of the United Nations.Andrew W. Cordier and Wilder Foote, eds., Public Papers of the Secretaries-General of the United Nations, Vol. 1, (Columbia University Press, 1969) p359 Syria and the Soviet Union secretly signed a treaty for military advisers to come to Syria. A treaty between the USSR and Lebanon was signed two days later.Rami Ginat, Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism: From Independence to Dependence (Sussex Academic Press, 2005), p38 Zoltán Tildy was sworn into office as the first President of Hungary, and Ferenc Nagy succeeded Tildy as Prime Minister. Both were forced out by the Communist party within two years.John E. Jessup, An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996 (Greenwood Press, 1998), p290
February 2, 1946 (Saturday) The Soviet Union formally annexed the Japanese Kuril Islands.Takemae Eiji, The Allied Occupation of Japan (Continuum, 2003), pp123–124 Two unusually large sunspots disrupted radio communication between North America and Europe between and EST."Two Sun Spots 'Blackout' Globe Radio", Salt Lake Tribune, February 3, 1946, p1 A fire in a retirement home in Garfield Heights, Ohio, killed 33 people."13 Die, 20 Lost As Home for Aged Blazes", Salt Lake Tribune, February 1946, p1 The popular quiz show Twenty Questions, hosted by Fred van Deventer, premiered on the Mutual Broadcasting System radio network and began a nine-year run on radio and later on the DuMont and ABC television networks."Fred Van Deventer Dead at 67; Originated Radio '20 Questions'", The New York Times, December 4, 1971, p. 34 Born: Isaias Afwerki, first, and thus far, only President of Eritrea since the east African nation became independent in 1991; in Asmara Alpha Oumar Konaré, third President of Mali (1992–2002); in Kayes Blake Clark, American actor and comedian; in Macon, Georgia Died: Rondo Hatton, 51, American horror movie star, died of a heart attack.
February 3, 1946 (Sunday) NBC Radio commentator Drew Pearson broke the news of what would become known as the "Gouzenko Affair": a Soviet spy ring had been operating in Canada, and that the spy agency GRU had been transmitting American atomic secrets from Ottawa to Moscow.Amy W. Knight, How the Cold War Began: The Igor Gouzenko Affair and the Hunt for Soviet Spies (Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2007), p104 Died: Friedrich Jeckeln, 51, SS commander during the Nazi occupation of the Soviet Union, was hanged in public at Pobeda Square in Riga, along with five of his officers. Jeckeln oversaw the deaths of more than 250,000 people, mostly Jewish, during the Second World War.Michael Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953 (Praeger 1996), p129
February 4, 1946 (Monday) National weather forecasts returned to American newspapers after four years. Publication of maps had ceased on December 15, 1941, a week after the United States entered World War II.Mark S Monmonier, Maps with the News: The Development of American Journalistic Cartography (University of Chicago Press, 1989), p117
February 5, 1946 (Tuesday) The first scheduled Trans-Atlantic commercial airplane flight was made when the "Star of Paris", a TWA Constellation, took off at from New York's La Guardia airport. The plane landed in Paris 14 hours and 48 minutes later.Transcontinental and Western Air historical webpage Plaza México, the world's largest (55,000 seats) bullring, was opened in Mexico City.wayfaring.info , February 27, 2007 The Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge was established in Oklahoma by order of President Truman. Born: Charlotte Rampling, British film actress; in Sturmer, Essex Died: George Arliss, 77, Oscar-winning British actor
February 6, 1946 (Wednesday) Charles Vyner Brooke, the "White Rajah" of the State of Sarawak, ceded the state's sovereignty to the United Kingdom as a British Crown Colony. Sarawak is now part of Malaysia. Cession came to pass on July 1."Malaya", by B.R. Pearn, in South East Asia Colonial History (Volume 5, Taylor and Francis, 2001), p129
February 7, 1946 (Thursday) In its colony in Vietnam, the military forces of France made a large scale assault to recapture the Bến Tre Province, which had been under control of the Viet Minh since August 25, 1945. The province was quickly brought back under French rule, but guerilla activity continued.Nguyen Thi Dinh and Mai Elliott, No Other Road to Take (Cornell University Press, 2000), pp11–12
February 8, 1946 (Friday)
Kim Il Sung was elected Chairman of the Interim People's Committee in the Soviet occupied portion of Korea. Kim, who led the northern branch of the Korean Communist Party, would become the first leader of North Korea.Christoph Bluth, Korea (Polity Press, 2008), p13 Died: Miles Mander, 57, English actor and director, died of a heart attack while dining in the Brown Derby restaurant in Los Angeles.
February 9, 1946 (Saturday) In what has been described as the beginning of the Cold War,"The Creation of Memory and Myth", by Frank Costigliola, in Critical Reflections on the Cold War: Linking Rhetoric and History (Texas A & M University Press, 2000), p38 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin addressed a national radio audience in his first major public speech after the end of World War II. Stalin said that another war was inevitable because of the "capitalist development of the world economy", and that the USSR would need to concentrate on national defense in advance of a war with the Western nations.Ruud van Dijk, Encyclopedia of the Cold War (Volume 1, Taylor and Francis, 2008), p848 In the most well-known example of a recurrent nova, T Coronae Borealis, nicknamed the "blaze star", was seen to flare up almost 80 years after a nova seen on May 12, 1866.Michael E. Bakich, The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p188 Charles "Lucky" Luciano, an American Mafia boss, was transported from a New York prison to an ocean liner, and deported to his native Italy."From 'Lucky' to Gotti: A Miscellany of American Mafiosi", by Ian Schott, in The World's Greatest True Crime (Barnes & Noble Books, 2004), p21
February 10, 1946 (Sunday) In the first election in the Soviet Union since 1937, there was a reported turnout of 101,450,936 voters (99.7% of those eligible). For the 682 deputies of the Soviet of the Union, and the 657 members of the Soviet of Nationalities, the candidates were unopposed and the choice was yes-or-no. Of the 1,339 candidates, there were 254 who were not Communist Party members.William Henry Chamberlin, Russia's Iron Age (READ BOOKS, 2007), p229; "Russ Unanimously Back Stalin, Soviet Regime", Salt Lake Tribune, February 12, 1946, p1 The ocean liner Queen Mary docked at Pier 90 in New York City, bringing 1,666 war brides and their 668 children."1666 Brides of Yanks Dock in N.Y.", Salt Lake Tribune, February 11, 1946, p1
Hubertus van Mook, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, proposed a plan for Indonesia's people to choose independence or Dutch citizenship as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands."Dutch Offer Indonesia 'Free' Status", Salt Lake Tribune, February 11, 1946, p1 Commodore Ben Wyatt, Military Governor of the Marshall Islands, informed the 167 residents of the Bikini Atoll that they would be relocated, so that atomic bomb testing could take place. Wyatt told the villagers that their sacrifice was "for the good of mankind and to end all wars".Gerard J. De Groot, The Bomb: A Life (Harvard University Press, 2004) p118
February 11, 1946 (Monday) The Revised Standard Version of the New Testament was formally introduced by the International Council of Religious Education at its 1946 meeting, at Central High School in Columbus, Ohio.Peter J. Thuesen, In Discordance with the Scriptures: American Protestant Battles over Translating the Bible (Oxford University Press, 1999) p85 The Yalta Agreement was published one year to the day after it had been signed, in simultaneous releases in Washington, D.C. (9:00 am), London (), and Moscow ().Gilbert Rozman, Japan and Russia: The Tortuous Path to Normalization, 1949–1999 (St. Martin's Press 2000) p34
February 12, 1946 (Tuesday) Trans Australia Airlines made its first flight. In advance of the presidential election in Argentina, the U.S. State Department issued a 121-page "blue book", with evidence that Argentina, and candidate Juan Perón, had aided Nazi Germany during World War II. Perón won the election in spite of the American publication. Sgt. Isaac Woodard, an African-American U.S. Army veteran, was beaten and blinded by the police chief in Batesburg, South Carolina. Woodard's maiming attracted national attention on Orson Welles's radio show and was later dramatized in the 1958 Welles movie Touch of Evil, as well as in Woody Guthrie's song The Blinding of Isaac Woodard. Woodard died in 1992. His assailant, Lindwood Shull, was acquitted by a federal court, and lived until 1997.
The DuMont Television Network made the first network telecast, transmitting, by cable, video and audio of Lincoln's Birthday celebrations from its station in Washington, D.C. (W3XWT), to its New York affiliate, WABD. The NBC and CBS stations in New York also received the DuMont broadcast.
February 13, 1946 (Wednesday)
Harold L. Ickes, the U.S. Secretary of the Interior since 1933, resigned in protest after President Truman said that Ickes could have been "wrong" in testimony given to a U.S. Senate committee about Truman's nominee for Undersecretary of the Navy. Ickes wrote "I cannot stay on when you, in effect, have expressed a lack of confidence in me.""Ickes Quits Cabinet, Blasts Truman in Ed Pauley Row", Oakland Tribune, February 13, 1946, p1 Born: Colin Matthews, British composer; in London
February 14, 1946 (Thursday) The Bank of England was nationalised, with the signing of a 250-page bill by King George VI. The U.S. Army introduced ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, to the public in a press conference at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. The world's first electronic computer weighed 30 tons, had 18,000 vacuum tubes, and was tall, deep, and long. One of the computer's first tests was computing trajectories for rocket launching, "completing in ten days a job which would have required three months of concentrated effort by a mathematician". Born: Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru, 1989–1995; in the Ubenide Constituency (d. 2003) Gregory Hines, American dancer and actor; in New York City (d. 2003)
February 15, 1946 (Friday) Twenty-two current and former Canadian government employees were arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, after Soviet defector Igor Gouzenko had provided a list of 1,700 North American informants who were providing classified information to the U.S.S.R."RUSSIAN SPY RING BARED", Winnipeg Free Press, February 16, 1946, p1; Ruth Millar, Saskatchewan Heroes & Rogues (Coteau Books, 2004), pp154–155 The United Steel Workers of America and the United States Steel Corporation brought an end to the strike that had begun on January 21, with 130,000 employees returning to work on February 18 in return for an cent per hour wage increase."U.S. Steel Strike Comes to End", Salt Lake Tribune, February 16, 1946, p1 Died: Cornelius Johnson, 32, American high jump record holder and 1936 Olympic gold medalist, died of pneumonia
February 16, 1946 (Saturday) The first UN Security Council veto was made, as the Soviet Union killed a resolution concerning the withdrawal of British and French forces from Syria and Lebanon.David L. Bosco, Five to Rule Them All: The UN Security Council and the Making of the Modern World (Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 4