Within the earth science of geology, the Edmonton Group is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) to early Paleocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the central Alberta plains. It was first described as the Edmonton Formation by Joseph Burr Tyrrell in 1887 based on outcrops along the North Saskatchewan River in and near the city of Edmonton.Tyrrell, J.B., 1887. Report on a part of northern Alberta and portions of adjacent Districts of Assiniboia and Saskatchewan. Geological Survey of Canada, Ann. Rept.1886, new ser., v.11, Part E, p.1-176. E.J.W. Irish later elevated the formation to group status and it was subdivided into four separate formations.Irish, E.J.W. 1970. The Edmonton Group of south-central Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 18, p. 125-155. In ascending order, they are the Horseshoe Canyon, Whitemud, Battle and Scollard Formations. The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary occurs within the Scollard Formation, based on dinosaurian and microfloral evidence,Lerbekmo, J.F., Singh, C., Jarzen, D.M., and Russel, D.A. 1979. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in south-central Alberta - a revision based on dinosaurian and microfloral evidence. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 16: 325-330. as well as the presence of the terminal Cretaceous iridium anomaly.Lerbekmo, J.F. and St. Louis, R.M. 1985. The terminal Cretaceous iridium anomaly in the Red Deer Valley, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 23: 120-124.
Distribution and thickness The Edmonton Group is present in the central plains of Alberta. It consists of sedimentary rocks that were deposited in nonmarine to brackish water environments between the Canadian Rockies in the west and the Western Interior Seaway to the east. Its reaches a maximum thickness of near the foothills of the Rockies in the west, and thins eastward to zero at its erosional edge east of Edmonton.
Lithology The Edmonton Group consists of fine-grained sandstones, calcareous sandstones, siltstones, sandy shales and mudstones, bentonitic sandstones and shales, bentonite beds, ironstone concretions, carbonaceous shales and coal seams. Hard sandstones commonly cap mesas, buttes and plateaus where erosion has formed badlands topography, as is the case for much of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the Scollard Formation. Coarse-grained sediments are rare in the Edmonton Group.
Paleontology Plant fossils are common in both the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene portions of the Edmonton Group.Bell, W.A. 1949. Uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene floras of western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 13, 231 p. Remains of Triceratops and other dinosaurs are found in the Late Cretaceous portion, especially the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and the lower part of the Scollard Formation. Molluscs such as Ostrea and Unio are found in both portions.Glass, D.J., editor, 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, Alberta,1423 p. on CD-ROM, .
Relationship to other units The Edmonton Group is disconformably overlain by the Paskapoo Formation and conformably overlies the Bearpaw Formation or, where the Bearpaw is absent, the Belly River Formation.
The Edmonton Group grades into the sequence of the Blood Reserve Formation, St. Mary River Formation and Willow Creek Formation in the southern Alberta plains; into the upper part of the Wapiti Group in the northern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia; and into the upper part of the Brazeau Formation and the Coalspur Formation in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. It is equivalent to, but not contiguous with, the Eastend Formation, Whitemud Formation, Battle Formation and Frenchman Formation in the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan; and with the Fox Hills Formation in Saskatchewan.
Formations that are stratigraphically equivalent in the western United States are the Horsethief Formation in Montana; the Fox Hills Formation and Lance Formation in Montana; and the Lennup Formation and Muteetse Formation in Wyoming.
Subdivisions The formations of the Edmonton Group are:
Formation Age Lithology Maximumthickness Reference Scollard Maastrichtian-Paleocene sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, coal Battle Formation Maastrichtian bentonitic silty shale, montmorillonitic clay Whitemud Maastrichtian kaolinitic sandstone, clay, shale Horseshoe Canyon Campanian-Maastrichtian sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, coal
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alberta Coalspur Formation
References