Eberhard Melchior (born 12 November 1912 – July 11, 1956)Sterberegister Nr. 1065/1956 des Standesamts Dresden I was a German mathematician who provided the first proof of Sylvester's line problem in 1940. E. Melchior (1940), Über Vielseite der Projektive Ebene. Deutsche Math. volume 5, pages 461–475 He also discovered the related inequality now named after him.

Melchior was born in Dresden on 12 November 1912. He studied at the University of Göttingen and at the Dresden Technical University (TH Dresden). He obtained his Ph.D. at Berlin University on 2 June 1937 with a thesis on a problem on the theory of configurationsEberhard Melchior (1937), Untersuchungen über ein Problem aus der Theorie der Konfigurationen. Ph.D. thesis, Berlin University. advised by Ludwig Bieberbach.Eberhard Melchior's entry in the Mathematics Genealogy Project at University of North Dakota. Accessed on 2009-12-30.

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