The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26January) and registered in The Gazette of Indiaa publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion in diameter and thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.

A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist Manikonda Chalapathi Rau and Kannada writer K. Shivaram Karanth returned their 1968 awards, while Sitar player Vilayat Khan refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".

Overview

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Recipients

+ List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959) Year Image Laureates Field State / country1960 Literature and Education West Bengal 1960 Medicine West Bengal 1960 Public Affairs Orissa1960 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1960 Literature and Education West Bengal 1960 Arts Madhya Pradesh 1960 Literature and Education Delhi 1960 Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh 1960 Literature and Education Bihar 1960 Medicine Maharashtra 1961 Medicine West Bengal 1961 Medicine Maharashtra 1961 Literature and Education Madhya Pradesh 1961 * Science and Engineering 1961 Civil Service Delhi 1961 Civil Service Tamil Nadu 1961 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1961 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1961 * Arts 1961 Civil Service Uttar Pradesh 1961 Public Affairs Bihar 1961 Trade and Industry Maharashtra 1961 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1962 Medicine Delhi 1962 Literature and Education Delhi 1962 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1962 Medicine Punjab 1962 Literature and Education Jammu and Kashmir 1962 Arts Maharashtra 1962 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1962 Civil Service Delhi 1962 Public Affairs Maharashtra 1962 Medicine West Bengal 1962 Literature and Education West Bengal 1962 Social Work Maharashtra 1962 Science and Engineering Uttar Pradesh 1962 Public Affairs West Bengal 1962 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1962 Medicine Maharashtra 1962 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1962 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1962 Medicine Bihar 1962 Social Work Tamil Nadu 1962 Medicine Andhra Pradesh 1962 Medicine Bihar 1962 Public Affairs Tamil Nadu 1962 Social Work Assam 1962 Medicine West Bengal 1962 Civil Service Punjab 1962 Literature and Education Bihar 1963 Medicine Punjab 1963 Literature and Education Madhya Pradesh 1963 Social Work Assam 1963 Social Work West Bengal 1963 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1963 Civil Service Delhi 1963 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1963 Public Affairs Maharashtra 1963 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1963 Civil Service Punjab 1963 Medicine Delhi 1963 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1964 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1964 Public Affairs Delhi 1964 Medicine West Bengal 1964 Medicine Kerala 1964 Public Affairs Madhya Pradesh 1964 Literature and Education West Bengal 1964 Civil Service West Bengal 1964 Medicine Bihar 1964 Trade and Industry Madhya Pradesh 1964 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1964 Science and Engineering West Bengal 1964 Civil Service Delhi 1964 Literature and Education Karnataka 1964 Medicine Maharashtra 1964 Social Work Gujarat 1964 Arts Maharashtra 1964 Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu 1964 Medicine Punjab 1965 Public Affairs Tamil Nadu 1965 Medicine West Bengal 1965 Civil Service Punjab 1965 Public Affairs Maharashtra 1965 Medicine Maharashtra 1965 Civil Service Maharashtra 1965 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1965 Sports West Bengal 1965 Sports Sikkim 1965 Civil Service Punjab 1965 Public Affairs Telangana 1965 Trade and Industry Maharashtra 1965 Sports Delhi 1965 Civil Service Punjab 1965 Literature and Education Delhi 1965 Science and Engineering Maharashtra 1965 Civil Service Tamil Nadu 1965 Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu 1965 Arts West Bengal 1965 Literature and Education West Bengal 1965 Civil Service West Bengal 1965 Medicine Uttar Pradesh 1965 Civil Service Delhi 1965 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1965 Social Work Rajasthan 1966 Public Affairs Tamil Nadu 1966 Trade and Industry Maharashtra 1966 Medicine Delhi 1966 Trade and Industry Gujarat 1966 * Arts 1966 Public Affairs Kerala 1966 Civil Service West Bengal 1966 Social Work Kerala 1966 Arts Delhi 1966 Science and Engineering Gujarat 1966 Literature and Education Madhya Pradesh 1966 Civil Service Maharashtra 1966 Literature and Education Punjab 1966 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1967 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1967 Social Work Tamil Nadu 1967 Civil Service Uttar Pradesh 1967 Medicine Punjab 1967 Literature and Education Assam 1967 Literature and Education Delhi 1967 Social Work Delhi 1967 Arts West Bengal 1967 Civil Service Punjab 1967 Sports Tamil Nadu 1967 Medicine Tamil Nadu 1967 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1967 Literature and Education Gujarat 1967 Medicine Delhi 1967 Trade and Industry Maharashtra 1967 Literature and Education Karnataka 1967 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1967 Literature and Education Delhi 1967 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1967 Literature and Education West Bengal 1967 Sports West Bengal 1967 Arts Uttar Pradesh 1967 Public Affairs Maharashtra 1967 Arts Andhra Pradesh 1968 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1968 Science and Engineering Karnataka 1968 Literature and Education West Bengal 1968 Social Work Maharashtra 1968 Literature and Education Karnataka1968 Arts Uttar Pradesh1968 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1968 Civil Service Maharashtra 1968 Public Affairs Maharashtra 1968 Medicine Delhi 1968 Science and Engineering Maharashtra 1968 Trade and Industry Uttar Pradesh 1968 Medicine Karnataka 1968 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1968 Science and Engineering Punjab 1968 Science and Engineering Punjab 1968 Literature and Education Andhra Pradesh 1968 Science and Engineering Delhi 1968 Literature and Education Odisha 1968 Medicine West Bengal 1968 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1968 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1968 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1968 Literature and Education Kerala 1968 Literature and Education Tamil Nadu 1968 Civil Service Bihar 1968 Social Work Gujarat 1968 Literature and Education Andhra Pradesh 1969 Literature and Education West Bengal 1969 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1969 Arts Delhi 1969 Science and Engineering Maharashtra 1969 Medicine Maharashtra 1969 Trade and Industry West Bengal 1969 Arts Tamil Nadu 1969 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1969 Arts Punjab 1969 Arts Maharashtra 1969 Literature and Education Delhi 1969 Science and Engineering West Bengal 1969 * Literature and Education 1969 Trade and Industry Gujarat 1969 Arts Maharashtra 1969 Science and Engineering Kerala 1969 Literature and Education Chandigarh 1969 Literature and Education Uttar Pradesh 1969 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1969 Literature and Education Maharashtra 1969 Social Work Gujarat 1969 * Literature and Education 1969 Literature and Education West Bengal 1969 Medicine Maharashtra 1969 Medicine Maharashtra 1969 Literature and Education Andhra Pradesh 1969 Trade and Industry Tamil Nadu 1969 Social Work Maharashtra 1969 Arts Tamil Nadu

Explanatory notes

Non-citizen recipients

References

External links