The Charleston Naval Hospital Historic District is a portion of the Charleston Navy Base that included a collection of buildings connected with the medical needs of the Navy base.
Early years: 1902-1922
On 2 November 1902 the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery bought of land that was owned by the city of Charleston, South Carolina adjoining the northwest side of the Navy Yard.Records obtained from the Court House, City of Charleston, South Carolina, out of Records F 24, page 30 dated 21 November 1902, containing the following record of interest:
THE CITY OF CHARLESTON TO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 12th Day of July, AD 1902 Be it resolved, by the Mayor and Alderman of the City Of Charleston in City Council assembled, that the honorable Mayor id hereby directed, authorized and empowered to execute such deeds as may be necessary to convey to the United States of America such portions of the land, the property of the City of Charleston, now known as "Chicora Park", at and for the consideration of two hundred dollars ($200) per acre, as may be desired by the said United States of America, for the purpose of establishing a Marine hospital. Total value is $19,300. Plat presented by J. W. G. Walker, Civil Engineer, USN City received said property from: William B. Chisolm on the 5th day of February AD 1895, Helen S. Whaley and Pauline S Heyward on the 11th day of February AD 1895, and Paul S and Joseph J. Noisette on the 31st day of July AD 1899. In witness where I, J. Adger Smyth, the said Mayor of the said City of Charleston, under and by virtue of the Resolution aforesaid, have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the said City Council of Charleston to be hereunto affixed by the Clerk of the said City Council this 20th day of November in the year of Our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and two, and in the one hundred and twenty seventh year of the Sovereignty and Independence of the United States of America. /s/ W. W. Simons J. Adger Smyth (L.S.) Clerk of the City Council Mayor of the City of Of Charleston, S.C. Charleston, S.C.
Signed and sealed and delivered in the presence of: /s/ John G. Capers, U.S. Atty. /s/ E. Longnecker, U.S.N. (Corporate Seal) /s/ J. W. G. Walker, U.S.N. Later transfers to the Navy Yard reduced the acreage to , the number of acres recorded in hospital records as of 1 November 1949.
After establishment of the Navy Yard in 1902, the Medical Department activities occupied "hospital" tents near the site of the Marine Corps Post Exchange. In 1905 a Marine Sick Quarters was erected in the same place. During this period, the Medical Officer of the Yard had an office in the Post Office building in Charleston, making a daily trip to the Yard by street car. In 1905, a room in one of the then-existing buildings at the Yard was allotted for use as a Medical Dispensary. and accompanying map
On June 26, 1906, Congress appropriated $12,000 to build a Yard Dispensary, but no bids from outside contractors were received, so it was not until December 1908 that a Yard Dispensary was completed by Yard labor. This wooden building was erected on brick piers near the center of the Navy Yard. Later a basement was added which functioned as a dispensary and as a small hospital with many of its patients in tents. Since its beginning, the building was repeatedly enlarged. In 1917 the west wing was added.
With the advent of World War I, this 28-bed dispensary, even with the addition of new buildings, was taxed beyond its capacity and was entirely inadequate to meet the hospital needs for the Naval Base, and the increased personnel caused by the establishment of the training camp to the capacity of 5000 men. Emergency facilities in the shape of tents and temporary beds were established in connection with the Naval Dispensary until a total capacity was reached for 120 patients. This was a temporary expedient to meet the circumstances incident to a sudden influx of men without accommodations for the sick.
In view of the necessity for a Naval Hospital in this area, a hospital was authorized to be constructed by the NAVAL EMERGENCY FUND ACT"NAVAL EMERGENCY FUND ACT" 1168 Chap 180 An Act Making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 13, 1918, and for other purposes. [Approved March 4, 1917. 39 Stats 1168. HR 20632.] A contract was let with the Charleston Engineering & Constructing Co. to build the hospital.May 15, 1917 - Charleston News and Courier Work commenced on June 1, 1917, and the hospital was commissioned on July 31, 1917, in spite of many difficulties encountered in obtaining enough labor and a minor strike among the carpenters. The hospital was the original Naval Hospital built on the site located on the Medical Department Property that was purchased in 1902. The hospital consisted of 19 temporary, wooden buildings with a bed capacity of 250. These buildings included one administration building, one office building, one building for women nurses, nine ward buildings, one galley, a mess hall, garage, laundry, power house, stores house, and recreation hall. These were all one-story buildings, owing to the increased patient load, additional beds were urgently required, and by September 1918September 11, 1918 - Charleston News and Courier fourteen additional buildings were constructed which increased the bed capacity to 1000 beds. These additional buildings were of wood finished in stucco and were erected south of the hospital reservation. The hospital made use of an ambulance to transport the sickFebruary 11, 1919 - Charleston News and Courier from outlying stations of the Sixth Naval District and from vessels in the harbor to the hospital.
Commander W. M. Garton, MC, USNThe Sunday News Charleston, SC July 20, 1919 was its commanding officer during its construction and until July 1919.
In 1922, due to the increasing cost of maintenance and the decreasing number of patients, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery decided to abandon the World War I Emergency hospital, and the then Yard Dispensary was reoccupied as a combined Naval Hospital and Dispensary. The Yard Dispensary was then designated a Naval Hospital. On 21 December 1922, the emergency hospital was officially closed and the Medical personnel transferred to the dispensary building. Certain of the buildings of the emergency hospital were moved adjacent to the Yard Dispensary and as other buildings were demolished, the materials were used to provide additional facilities at the Navy Yard Hospital. The changes had no other significance other that to return the hospital to a pre-war status.
Middle years: 1922-1970 This hospital/dispensary consisted of several frame buildings occupying about of land near the center of the Navy Yard, and had a bed capacity of 57. As indicated before, the main hospital building was completed in 1908 as a Yard Dispensary building, and between 1908 and 1938 new additions were built from time to time to the original structure as the need for expansion became necessary. A new wing was added to the main hospital building and the first floor of that wing was used for office space, the second floor was used for sick officers quarters, and the basement provided additional office and storage space. The building previously used for sick officers quarters, dental office and family clinic was converted for dependents hospitalization. A covered ramp connected this building with the main building. In 1937 work was underway on construction of a new hospital corpsman quarters west of this hospital building. The hospital corps quarters was then located on the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery property. Upon completion of the new quarters, the old quarters was converted to a contagious and genitourinary ward. The building previously used for contagious and genitourinary cases was then used as a Yard Dispensary, because the space in the main hospital was inadequate to include a Yard Dispensary. On 1 May 1941, the Yard Dispensary and the Naval Hospital, which had been combined, were separated into independent medical departments units. As the dispensary was an old war-time 1917-1918 frame structure and entirely inadequate, a new location and building were urgently needed which should be located more in and to the center of the industrial section. In July 1942, the dispensary was transferred to building number 58 of the Naval Shipyard at the entrance of the Third Street gate.
The emergency hospital buildings erected in 1917 were moved or torn down during the 1930s period with the exception of the then commanding officer's and executive officer's quarters, and building 21 (old medical storeroom) and the old mess hall for the original hospital. These four buildings were still standing and being used in 1975. The quarters 5, 6, and 7 that were used as Medical Officers quarters which were located at the West Gate entrance on hospital property were used as a sick bay for the recruit camp during World War I.
On 17 June 1940, work was commenced on the construction of two additional wards with a capacity of 60 patients. On 4 October 1940, these wards were completed, this gave the hospital a total capacity 117 beds which was still inadequate for the patient load at that time. In September 1940, funds amounting to about one million dollars were obtained from the Works Progress Administration for the construction of a 200-bed hospital.
In the spring of 1941, work commenced on the construction of a new naval hospital, which was located on the same site as the old World War I emergency hospital. On 13 April 1942 the new naval hospital was completed and commissioned. Originally visualized as a 200-bed hospital, permanent wards in reality had a total capacity of 380 beds. All permanent wards were completed and occupied with the exception of the psychopathic ward which was completed within the next ten days. All the 30-bed temporary wards were finished and four of the 40-bed temporary wards were about ninety per cent finished. Construction of the fifth temporary ward was soon begun and upon completion of this ward gave the hospital a bed capacity of 600. During 1942 the hospital was enlarged by the addition of ten single story wooden ward buildings as a continuation of two rows of permanent ward buildings. On 2 June 1944, of land was transferred back to the hospital from the Marine Corps. On this ground the Sick Officers' quarters annex was constructed and occupied in 1945.
In September 1944, construction began on a concrete tile walled by recreation building. Entering this building one will see beautiful mural adorned walls and paneled foyer. A frieze of 68 campaign ribbons in full color against a slate background is found in the foyer. At the soda fountain on the north wall of the ships service is a gigantic mural of life size Navy, Marine Corps, and Red Cross figures and a Gray Lady surrounding the seal of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. This is the work of Quartermaster First Class Wilko H. ANDERSON, who was a civilian portrait painter prior to his naval service. In this recreation lounge on the wide expanse of the south wall, a painted map of the world approximately by , looks down upon many recreational activities. In addition to the murals in the ships service lounge, the walls of the Red Cross Service Room are adorned with the favorite characters of several famous cartoonists, drawn by the artists themselves when they visited the hospital. Other activities located in the Recreation Building were a first class Post Office, Barber Shop, Beauty Shop, Lounge Rooms, Telephone Booths, Library, Red Cross Offices, Recreation Office, and Movie Auditorium. The auditorium has a seating capacity of 542 and provides movies twice each evening.
Later years: 1970-2007