A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Saturday, July 21 and Sunday, July 22, 1990, with a magnitude of 1.0391. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 2.7 days after perigee (on July 19, 1990, at 12:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Totality was visible in southern Finland including its capital city Helsinki, the Soviet Union (including today's northern Estonia and northern Russia), and eastern Andreanof Islands and Amukta of Alaska. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Eastern Europe, North Asia, Alaska, western Canada, the western United States, and Hawaii.

In Finland, the solar eclipse occurred during sunrise and enabled observation and photography without protective glasses, which was however hampered by strong clouds. The Sun was totally eclipsed in Helsinki began at 06:03:07 local time.

Observations The Finnish Geodetic Institute conducted a series of measurements for 52 hours to study the changes in gravity using an absolute gravimeter in Helsinki. No abnormal values were recorded. An observation team of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union went to the Solovetsky Islands, Arkhangelsk Oblast in the White Sea, and planned to take images of the corona with different exposure levels and record videos. However, there were clouds at sunrise on the eclipse day, and drizzle continued until noon, so the observation was not successful.

Eclipse timing Places experiencing total eclipse Solar Eclipse of July 22, 1990(Local Times)Country or territory City or placeStart of partial eclipseStart of total eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of total eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of totality (min:s)Duration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum magnitude Tallinn 04:42:38 (sunrise) 04:52:09 04:52:33 04:52:56 05:44:22 0:47 1:02 1.0028 Kotka 04:25:17 (sunrise) 04:52:11 04:52:36 04:53:01 05:44:57 0:50 1:20 1.0029 Lappeenranta 04:15:00 (sunrise) 04:52:15 04:52:42 04:53:09 05:45:22 0:54 1:30 1.0033 Helsinki 04:35:53 (sunrise) 04:52:29 04:53:11 04:53:53 05:45:11 1:24 1:09 1.0117 Vantaa 04:34:24 (sunrise) 04:52:34 04:53:16 04:53:58 05:45:18 1:24 1:11 1.0128 Espoo 04:36:42 (sunrise) 04:52:38 04:53:21 04:54:04 05:45:19 1:26 1:09 1.014 Lahti 04:25:50 (sunrise) 04:53:00 04:53:53:42 04:54:24 05:45:57 1:24 1:20 1.011 Joensuu 04:02:33 04:53:02 04:53:47 04:54:32 05:46:57 1:30 1:44 1.0149 Riihimäki 04:31:35 (sunrise) 04:53:11 04:53:50 04:54:29 05:45:55 1:18 1:14 1.0086 Belushya Guba 05:05:48 06:01:07 06:01:32 06:01:57 06:59:12 0:50 1:53 1.0022 Chersky 13:45:28 14:51:05 14:52:20 14:53:35 15:57:31 2:30 2:12 1.0163References:

Places experiencing partial eclipse Solar Eclipse of July 22, 1990(Local Times)Country or territory City or placeStart of partial eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum coverage Baku 06:28:36 (sunrise) 06:31:44 07:07:15 0:39 29.69% Astana 07:42:36 08:32:53 09:26:36 1:44 40.77% Oral 05:44:25 (sunrise) 06:33:45 07:26:07 1:42 58.50% Moscow 05:16:14 (sunrise) 05:43:12 06:35:54 1:20 82.39% Luhansk 04:43:50 (sunrise) 04:47:37 05:25:15 0:41 53.40% Kohtla-Järve 04:32:59 (sunrise) 04:51:22 05:43:33 1:11 98.74% Vitebsk 04:49:13 (sunrise) 04:53:56 05:37:24 0:48 77.45% Kharkiv 04:50:22 (sunrise) 04:54:19 05:28:25 0:38 51.19% Gulbene 04:50:53 (sunrise) 04:56:03 05:41:01 0:50 84.11% Sundsvall 03:45:19 (sunrise) 03:58:54 04:50:11 1:05 93.32% Umeå 03:16:36 (sunrise) 03:58:56 04:50:53 1:34 93.48% Kemi 04:07:59 04:59:14 05:52:07 1:44 93.85% Rovaniemi 04:08:09 04:59:41 05:52:52 1:45 93.55% Mariehamn 04:56:29 (sunrise) 05:02:31 05:46:45 0:50 84.28% Kiruna 03:12:01 04:03:09 04:55:43 1:44 88.05% Tromsø 03:14:15 04:05:34 04:58:13 1:44 85.11% Riga 05:02:58 (sunrise) 05:10:55 05:41:42 0:39 51.21% Minsk 05:06:51 (sunrise) 05:11:20 05:36:49 0:30 38.56% Stockholm 04:10:14 (sunrise) 04:16:01 04:46:37 0:36 51.46% Vilnius 05:11:45 (sunrise) 05:16:22 05:38:38 0:27 32.31% Longyearbyen 03:23:48 04:16:27 05:09:56 1:46 75.90% Danmarkshavn 23:35:13 00:24:54 01:14:57 1:40 64.09% Pituffik 21:54:24 22:42:48 23:30:52 53.41% Anchorage 18:26:24 19:23:55 20:18:42 1:52 70.79% Calgary 20:44:24 21:31:43 21:38:13 (sunset) 0:54 56.15% Adak 17:27:22 18:34:36 19:37:06 2:10 97.66% Unalaska 18:31:07 19:34:47 20:34:19 2:03 93.60% Vancouver 19:49:02 20:38:22 21:06:57 (sunset) 1:18 61.45% Midway Atoll 16:17:41 17:18:10 18:13:08 1:55 50.36% Honolulu 17:34:37 18:28:46 19:14:54 (sunset) 1:40 62.12%References:

Eclipse details Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.

+July 22, 1990 Solar Eclipse Times Event Time (UTC) First Penumbral External Contact 1990 July 22 at 00:40:59.9 UTC First Umbral External Contact 1990 July 22 at 01:53:08.5 UTC First Central Line 1990 July 22 at 01:54:21.6 UTC First Umbral Internal Contact 1990 July 22 at 01:55:35.5 UTC Equatorial Conjunction 1990 July 22 at 02:37:42.8 UTC Ecliptic Conjunction 1990 July 22 at 02:55:15.0 UTC Greatest Duration 1990 July 22 at 03:00:36.7 UTC Greatest Eclipse 1990 July 22 at 03:03:07.3 UTC Last Umbral Internal Contact 1990 July 22 at 04:10:58.3 UTC Last Central Line 1990 July 22 at 04:12:09.7 UTC Last Umbral External Contact 1990 July 22 at 04:13:20.4 UTC Last Penumbral External Contact 1990 July 22 at 05:25:30.2 UTC

+July 22, 1990 Solar Eclipse Parameters Parameter Value Eclipse Magnitude 1.03908 Eclipse Obscuration 1.07968 Gamma 0.75972 Sun Right Ascension 08h04m51.4s Sun Declination +20°20'48.2" Sun Semi-Diameter 15'44.5" Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.7" Moon Right Ascension 08h05m49.3s Moon Declination +21°03'44.2" Moon Semi-Diameter 16'11.1" Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°59'24.2" ΔT 57.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

+ Eclipse season of July–August 1990 July 22Descending node (new moon) August 6Ascending node (full moon) Total solar eclipseSolar Saros 126 Partial lunar eclipseLunar Saros 138

Related eclipses Eclipses in 1990 An annular solar eclipse on January 26. A total lunar eclipse on February 9. A total solar eclipse on July 22. A partial lunar eclipse on August 6.

Metonic Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986 Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 10, 1994

Tzolkinex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 11, 1983 Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 2, 1997

Half-Saros Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 17, 1981 Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 28, 1999

Tritos Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1979 Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001

Solar Saros 126 Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 10, 1972 Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008

Inex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 11, 1961 Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

Triad Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903 Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 22, 2077

Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

Saros 126

Metonic series

Tritos series

Inex series

Notes

References

External links

Photos: Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site Druckmüller in Chukotka, Soviet Union in Russia in Russia (2) Russian scientist had no successful observation of the eclipse