The Syrian Jewish communities of the United States are a collection of communities of Syrian Jews, mostly founded at the beginning of the 20th century. The largest are in Brooklyn, Deal, New Jersey, Manhattan, and Miami. In 2007, the population of the New York and New Jersey communities was estimated at 90,000.
New York The first Syrian Jews to arrive in the United States were Jacob Dwek and Ezra Sitt, both of Aleppo. They sailed from Liverpool, England on July 22, 1892, on the Germania. After the start of the 20th century, more immigrants came to the U.S. for three reasons: First, an economic decline in Syria crippled their ability to earn a living. Second, the Young Turks, a rebel group responsible for the overthrow of the Ottoman sultan, were conscripting Jews into the Army. Third, the rise of Zionism led to increased anti-Semitism in the Middle Eastern region. Most settled on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Later settlements were in Bensonhurst, Midwood, Flatbush, and along Ocean Parkway in Gravesend, Brooklyn. The latter is considered to be the current center of the community, though the community was formerly centered around the Magen David Synagogue on 67th street in the Bensonhurst neighborhood as listed below:
Congregation Shaare Zion, at 2030 Ocean Parkway between Avenue T and Avenue U, housing several synagogues in a single building along with a separate house as an additional annex structure. It is the largest, and is now considered the flagship synagogue of the community. The synagogue was constructed in 1960 in the Gravesend neighborhood, and the community soon followed it there throughout the rest of the 1960s and early 1970s. Until his passing on December 1, 2018, the synagogue held the seat of Chief Rabbi Saul J. Kassin II. The Rabbi's father Rabbi Jacob S. Kassin I, along with the Rabbi's brother-in-law Rabbi Baruch Ben Haim; were the previous spiritual leaders of the Syrian community in New York respectively, until their passings in 1994 and 2005. In his will, Chief Rabbi Saul J. Kassin II passed down his seat as the Chief Rabbi to his firstborn grandson, Rabbi Saul J. Kassin III (his own firstborn son, Jacob S. Kassin II, is not a rabbi). The current Chief Rabbi Saul J. Kassin III is the head rabbi of Congregation Magen David of West Deal and rosh yeshivah of Hillel Yeshiva. Another important rabbinic figure for a number of years was Rabbi Abraham Hecht. But due to conflicting political interests during the 1990s, the Rabbi was forced into submitting his resignation. Sharing in rabbinical duties are Rabbi Yaakov Ben Haim (son of Rabbi Baruch Ben Haim), Rabbi David Maslaton, Rabbi Meyer Yedid (son of the last Chief Rabbi of Aleppo, Rabbi Yomtob Yedid), Rabbi Raymond Haber, and Rabbi Raymond Beyda. The synagogue generally serves the Aleppo or (Halabi) Syrian community. Congregation Magen David Synagogue, at 2017 67th Street between 20th and 21st Avenues. This synagogue was the former flagship of the community, and was erected in 1921. The synagogue was at its height of popularity during the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s. The synagogue is still in continual use for daily and Shabbat prayers. It is also very notable with the community at present for holding funeral services. In 2001, the building was declared a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. By 2004, the building was certified and listed with the National Register of Historic Places.
In addition to Syrian Jews proper, the community includes smaller groups of Israeli, Lebanese, Egyptian, Turkish, Moroccan and other similar origins, who have their own place within the overall "Syrian" communal structure. A distinction is also recognized between Halabis (from Aleppo) and Shamis (from Damascus). Furthermore, there is a perceived difference between the Modern Orthodox "White Hats" and those tending to Haredi Judaism "Black Hats", though this is a matter of degree rather than an absolute division. There are no Conservative or Reform congregations affiliated with the Syrian community.
Within the community, there is also a Sephardic Community Center fulfilling functions similar to the national JCC organization. The community is characterized by multi-generational businesses; often, children are encouraged to stay within the family business. Still, many families, recognizing the challenges to financial success posed by a lack of a university degree, have been encouraging undergraduate and graduate education, especially in the fields of business and finance. Those who pursue higher education are encouraged to remain within the familial structure. A number of magazine publications, such as Image and Community Magazine, also cover social topics in relation to the community as a whole.
Synagogues Presently, there is an array of different synagogues that cater to the community's many different backgrounds, customs and liturgical styles. They are as follows:
NameImageStateCityClergyCultureAddress, website Ahaba Ve Ahva New York Brooklyn Rabbis Jack Savdie, Ovadia Alouf, and Shaul Chamoula Egyptian 1744 Ocean Parkway, Ahaba.org Ahaba Ve Ahva Congregation & Yeshiva New York Brooklyn Egyptian 2001 East 7th Street Ahi Ezer Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Shaul Maslaton Syrian – Shami 1885 Ocean Parkway Ahi Ezer Torah Center New York Brooklyn Syrian – Shami 1950 East 7th Street Ahi Ezer Yeshiva Synagogue New York Brooklyn Rabbi Hanania Elbaz Egyptian 2433 Ocean Parkway, Ahiezeryeshiva.org Aur Torah New York Staten Island Rabbi Aharon Zeev Syrian 1180 Rockland Avenue, Aurtorah.org Avenue N Sephardic Congregation New York Brooklyn Syrian 321 Avenue N Avenue O Synagogue, Ohel Yeshua VeSarah New York Brooklyn Rabbi Moshe Arking Syrian 808 Avenue O aveo.shulcloud.com Ateret Torah New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yosef Harari Raful Sephardic Haredim 901 Quentin Road Beth Aharon Sephardic Synagogue of Riverdale New York The Bronx Syrian 3700 Henry Hudson Parkway East Bet Shaul U'Miriam New York Brooklyn Rabbi David Cohen Syrian 2208 Avenue S Congregation Beth-El of Flatbush New York Brooklyn Rabbi Ani Syrian – Shami 2181 East 3rd Street Congregation Beth Torah New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yehuda A. Azancot Syrian 1061 Ocean Parkway, Beth-Torah.com Beth Yosef New York Brooklyn Rabbi Aharon Farhi Syrian 2108 Ocean Parkway, BethYosef.com B'nai Yosef Synagogue New York Brooklyn Rabbi Haim Benoliel Syrian, Sephardic Haredim 1616 Ocean Parkway, BnaiYosef.com Bnei Binyamin Torah Center New York Brooklyn Rabbi David Seruya Sephardic Haredim 727 Avenue O Congregation Bnei Ovadia New York Brooklyn Syrian 1922 East 8th Street Bnei Shelomo V'Yaffa New York Brooklyn Rabbi Eliezer Zeytouneh Syrian – Shami 1305 Gravesend Neck Road Bnei Yehuda Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yohai Cohen Syrian – Qamishli 2296 Coney Island Avenue Congregation Bnei Yitzhak New York Brooklyn Rabbi Joey Mizrahi Syrian 730 Avenue S, Bneiyitzhakweb.org Derech Emet Torah Center New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yosef Palacci Syrian – Shami 2013 East 13, Brooklyn NY, 11229 https://www.derechemetshul.com/ The Edmond J Safra Synagogue New York Brooklyn Rabbi Eli Mansour Syrian 1801 Ocean Parkway, ejss.org Congregation Beit Edmond New York Manhattan Rabbi Shlomo Farhi Syrian 11 East 63rd Street, ejsny.org Emek Hatorah Congregation New York Brooklyn Syrian, Sephardic Haredim 1781 Ocean Parkway, EmekHatorah.com Congregation Har HaLebanon New York Brooklyn Rabbi David Jemal, Rabbi Clem Harari, Rabbi Yaakov Mizrahi Lebanese/Shami 820 Avenue S Hayim Shaal Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Mordechai Maslaton Syrian 1123 Avenue N Congregation Mishkan Torah New York Brooklyn Rabbi Eli Cohen Syrian 718 Avenue S Kehilat Bnei Yaakov New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yaakov Farhi Syrian 630 Avenue S Kehilat Derech Yeshara New York Brooklyn Rabbi Avraham Benhamu Syrian 1784 E 17th St, Brooklyn, NY 11229, Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun Sephardic Minyan New York Manhattan Rabbi Meyer Laniado Syrian 125 East 85th Street, Keter Sion Torah Center New York Brooklyn Rabbi Max Maslaton Sephardic Haredim 1914 East 8th Street, Ketersion.com Keter Torah Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Moshe Harari Raful Sephardic Haredim 2220 Avenue L Kol Israel Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Tawil, Rabbi Shweky, Rabbi Zabulani Syrian 3211 Bedford Avenue, Kolisrael.org Congregation Kol Yaakov New York Brooklyn Rabbi David Mansour Lebanese 1703 McDonald Avenue Kollel Ohel Moshe New York Brooklyn Moroccan 1848 East 7th Street Madison Torah Center New York Brooklyn Rabbi Danny Tawil Syrian 2221 Avenue R Magen Abraham New York Brooklyn Rabbi Duvi Ben Soussan Syrian – Shami 2066 East 9th Street, mabshul.com Magen David Synagogue of Manhattan New York Manhattan Rabbi Maimon Maman Syrian 177 Sullivan Street, MagenDavidNY.org Magen David of Scarsdale New York Scarsdale Syrian 1225 Weaver Street, MagenDavidScarsdale.org Magen David Synagogue of Staten Island New York Staten Island Syrian 192 Braisted Avenue Magen David Synagogue New York Brooklyn Rabbi Joey Haber, Rabbi Ezra Cohen Saban Syrian 2130 McDonald Avenue, Magendavidsynagogue.org Manhattan East Synagogue New York Manhattan Syrian 1231 3rd Avenue, Mesny.org Manhattan Sephardic Congregation New York Manhattan Rabbi Raphael Benchimol 325 East 75th Street, Sepharad.org Midrash Moshe ben Maimon Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yair Alfieh Syrian – Shami 59 Gravesend Neck Road Mill Basin Sephardic Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yirmi Levy Syrian 2133 East 64th Street, MillBasinsc.com Mishkan Yerushalaim New York Brooklyn Rabbi Yehoshua Alfieh Syrian – Shami 520 Avenue X Mikdash Eliyahu Synagogue New York Brooklyn Rabbi Avi Harari, Syrian 2145 East 2nd Street, Mikdasheliyahu.org The Ohel Moshe Synagogue Synagogue New York Manhattan Syrian 130 East 82nd Street, MoiseSafraCenter.org/the-Ohel-Moshe-Synagogue Netivot Israel Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Gad Bouskila Moroccan 1617 Ocean Parkway Ohel David & Shlomo – Torath Israel Sephardic Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Abe Faur Syrian 710 Shore Boulevard, Ohelds.com Congregation Ohr Eliyahu New York Brooklyn Rabbi David Khasky Syrian 702 Avenue O Congregation Ohel Moshe New York Brooklyn Rabbi Moshe Levy Syrian 1601 Avenue P Persian Congregation of Flatbush New York Brooklyn Rabbi Shmuel Soleimani Persian 1434 Ocean Parkway Sephardic Congregation of the Five Towns New York Cedarhurst Rabbi Mordechai Ben-Haim Syrian 539 Oakland Avenue, ShaareEmunah.org Sephardic Jewish Center of Forest Hills New York Queens Syrian 6767 108th Street Shaare Congregation KGH New York Queens Bukharian 141-41 72nd Avenue Sephardic Lebanese Congregation New York Brooklyn Rabbi Eliyahu Elbaz