Margarya is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Viviparidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Margarya G. Nevill, 1877. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=758767 on 2014-12-10
Taxonomy
The genus Margarya was described by Nevill (1877) based on shells of the type species collected by A.R. Margary from Lake Erhai, the type locality of Margarya melanioides. Based on shell and radular morphology, Tchang & Tsi (1949) revised this genus for the first time and recognized seven distinct species. He created two subgenera of Margarya, viz Tchangmargarya and Mabillemargarya. The first molecular phylogeny showed that the genus Margarya is polyphyletic and divided into three distinct clades. Combining study of comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny, Zhang et al. revised the systematics of Margarya and recognized eight genuine extant species. However, only four species were found belonging to Margarya s. str., the rest species belonging to distinct genus Tchangmargarya or Anularya.
Cipangopaludina was a genus of freshwater snails from China,Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=594806 on 2014-12-10 now synonymous with Margarya.
Distribution This genus appear to be endemic to Dian Lake, Erhai Lake, Cibi Lake, Jianhu Lake, Xihu Lake, and Lugu Lake in Yunnan Province in the China.
Species There are both extant and fossil species of Margarya s. str. Margarya bicostata and Margarya mansuyi are transferred to Anularya. Margarya yangtsunghaiensis is transferred to Tchangmargarya. Species within the genus Margarya include: Margarya cathayensis (Heude, 1890)Lu H.-F., Du L.-N., Li Z.-Q., Chen X.-Y. & Yang J.-X. (2014). "Morphological analysis of the Chinese Cipangopaludina species (Gastropoda; Caenogastropoda; Viviparidae). Zoological Research 35(6): 510-527. . Margarya catayensis. synonym: Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray, 1834), Bellamya chinensis (Reeve 1863), Cipangopaludina wingatei - Chinese mystery snailSolomon C. T., Olden J. D., Johnson P. T. J., Dillon R. T. & Vander Zanden M. J. (2010). "Distribution and community-level effects of the Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) in northern Wisconsin lakes". Biological Invasions 12: 1591-1605. PDF . (extant) Margarya francheti (Mabille, 1886) Margarya lecythoides (Benson, 1842) Margarya malleata (Reeve, 1863) - was type species of the genus Cipangopaludina (extant) Margarya melanioides Nevill, 1877 - type species Cipangopaludina miyagii Kuroda, 1941 (extant) Margarya monodi (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905) (extant) Margarya oxytropoides (Heude, 1889)Heude P. M. (1882–1890). Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la Vallée du Fleuve Bleu. Mémoires concernant l′histoire naturelle de l′Empire chinois 1: 1–188. (fossil) Margarya spinicostata Li, 1987 (fossil) Margarya angulata Li, 1987 (fossil) Margarya nana Huang, 1986 (fossil) Margarya nanningensis Tian, Fuersich & Schneider 2013 Species brought into synonymy: Margarya carinata (Neumayr, 1887): synonym of Margarya melanioides Nevill, 1877 Vivipara delavayi (Mabille, 1886): synonym of Margarya melanioides Nevill, 1877 Margarya tropidophora (Mabille, 1886): synonym of Margarya francheti (Mabille, 1886) Cipangopaludina dianchiensis Zhang, 1990: synonym of Margarya oxytropoides (Heude, 1889) Margarya melanioides dianchiensis Huang, 2007: synonym of Margarya oxytropoides (Heude, 1889) Margarya elongata Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of Margarya monodi (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905) Margarya tchangsii Xia, 1982: synonym of Margarya monodi (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905) Margarya yangtsunghaiensis Tchang & Tsi, 1949: synonym of Tchangmargarya yangtsunghaiensis (Tchang & Tsi, 1949) Margarya yini (Tchang & Tsi, 1982): synonym of Margarya monodi (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1905)
Cladogram The cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI), and nuclear ITS2 genes showing the phylogenic relationships of the genus Margarya indicates that Margarya is polyphyletic. Margarya as traditionally delimited decayed into three distinct clades. The sister lineages of two of these clades are representatives from different viviparid genera, which are widely distributed in East and Southeast Asian rivers and lakes. These predominantly riparian viviparids also differ markedly in their shell morphology. Herein only genus-level phylogenic relationship is given, whereas relationship between lower taxonomic units deserve further study.
References
External links
Photo of Margarya melanoides with background of the lake Kobelt W. (1909). "Die Gattung Paludina Lam. (Vivipara Montfort) (Neue Folge). In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen". Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, Nürnberg, 1(21a): pp. 97-430, plates 15–77., page 187-193, table 37-39.
Yen T. C. (1943). "A preliminary revision of the Recent species of Chinese Viviparidae". The Nautilus 56: 124-130.