In human population genetics, Y chromosome haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa. Men in the same haplogroup share a set of differences, or markers, on their Y-chromosome, which distinguish them from men in other haplogroups. These UEPs, or markers used to define haplogroups, are SNP mutations. Y-chromosome haplogroups all form family trees or phylogenies, with both branches or sub-clades diverging from a common haplogroup ancestor, and also with all haplogroups themselves linked into one family tree which traces back ultimately to the most recent shared male line ancestor of all men alive today, called in popular science Y Chromosome Adam.

History

Creation of the Y-Chromosome Consortium In the 1980s and 1990s, individual academic research groups each had their own nomenclature for naming Y-chromosome haplogroups. This created an increasingly unmanageable communication barrier. In 2002, the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) published a widely used proposal to standardize the naming of all Y-chromosome haplogroups. This effort was based on comprehensive retesting of DNA samples .

The Y-Chromosome Consortium for many years left individual groups to maintain this standard. In 2008, they again published a comprehensive review of tree changes and retested samples. With this work, they strengthened their recommendation to move to a nomenclature system they referred to as shorthand .

Creation of the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) Tree Committee In 2006, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in genetic genealogy formed a working group to document both their own discoveries and those in published research. They created a web based tree that attempted to be timely and had annual benchmark versions.

Conversion table The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

Ancestralclade - terminal mutationISOGG 2019-2020(α)(β)(γ)(δ)(ε)(ζ)(η)YCC 2002(by lineage)YCC 2005(by lineage)YCC 2008(by lineage)YCC 2010r(by lineage)ISOGG 2006ISOGG 2007ISOGG 2008ISOGG 2009ISOGG 2010ISOGG 2011ISOGG 2012ISOGG 2014A-L1085A0-TACTS2809.1, AL991.1, AV148A0A-P305A1 A-M31A1a7I1A1 H1AA1A1A1A1aA1A1A1aA1aA1aA1aA1aA-P108A1bA-L419A1b1A-L602A1b1aA-M14A1b1a1 A-M6A1b1a1a27I23 H1AA2A2A2A2A2A2A2A2A2A2A1b1a1a A-P28A1b1a1a127I24 H1AA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA2bA1b1a1a1bA-L963A1b1a1a2 A-M114A1b1a1a2a27I23 H1AA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA2aA1b1a1a1a A-M32A1b1b A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A1b1b A-M28A1b1b17I1A1 H1AA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA3aA1b1b1 A-M51A1b1b2a7I1A1 H1AA3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A3b1A1b1b2a A-M13A1b1b2b7I1A2Eu1H1AA3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A3b2A1b1b2b A-M171 7I1A2 H1AA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aA3b2aremoved A-M118A1b1b2b17I1A2 H1AA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA3b2bA1b1b2b1A-V67A1c~A-M91BT B-M60 2II1B5 H1BBBBBBBBBBBB B-M146 2II1B5 H1BB1B1B1aB1aB1aB1aB1aB1aB1aB1aB1a B-M182 B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2B2 B-M150 2II1B5 H1BB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2aB2a B-M109 2II1B5 H1BB2a1B2a1B2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1aB2a1a B-M108.1 2II1B5 H1BB2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2B2a2removed B-M43 2II1B5 H1BB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2aB2a2a B-M112 6II1B6 H1BB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2bB2b B-P6 6II1B7 H1BB2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1B2b1 B-M115 6II1B6 H1BB2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2B2b2 B-M30 6II1B6 H1BB2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3B2b3 B-M108.2 6II1B6 H1BB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aB2b3aremoved B-P7 6II1B8 H1BB2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4B2b4removed B-P8 6II1B10 H1BB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aB2b4aremoved B-M211 6II1B9 H1BB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4bB2b4b C-M216 10V1F16Eu6H1CCCCCCCCCCCCC C-M8 10V1F19 H1CC1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1a1 C-M38 10V1F16 H1CC2C2C2C2C2C2C2C2C2C2C2C1b2 C-P33 10V1F18 H1CC2aC2aC2a1C2a1C2aC2aC2a1C2a1C2a1removed C-P44 10V1F17 H1CC3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C3C2 C-M93 10V1F17 H1CC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3aC3a1C2a C-M208 10V1F17 H1CC3bC2bC2aC2aC2bC2bC2aC2aC2aC2aC2aC1b2a C-M210 36V1F17 H1CC3cC2cC4aC4aC4bC4bC4aC4aC4aC4aC4aC1c1DE-YAPDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDE*(xE)Eu5DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE)DE*(xE) D-M174 DDDDDDDDDDD D-M15 4IV3G12 H3BD1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1a D-M55 D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D1b D-P12 4IV3G11 H2BD2aD2aD2a1a1D2a1a1D2D2D2a1a1D2a1a1D2a1a1removed D1b1a1a D-M116.1 4IV3G11 H2BD2bD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aremoved D1b1 D-M125 4IV3G11 H2BD2b1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D1b1a D-M151 4IV3G11 H2BD2b2D2a1D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D1b1bEu3E*(xE3a,E3b)E*(xE3a,E3b)E*(xE1b1,E1b1b1)E*(xE1b1a,E1b1b1)E*(xE3a,E3b1)E*(xE3a,E3b1)E*(E1b1a,E1b1b1)E*(E1b1a,E1b1b1)E*(E1b1a,E1b1b1)E*(E1b1a,E1b1b1) E-P29 21III3A13 H2BEEEEEEEEEEE E-M33 21III3A13 H2BE1E1E1aE1aE1E1E1aE1aE1aE1aE1a E-M44 21III3A13 H2BE1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1aE1aE1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1E1a1 E-M75 21III3A13 H2BE2aE2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2E2 E-M54 21III3A13 H2BE2bE2bE2bE2b1 E-P2 25III414 H2BE3E3E1bE1b1E3E3E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1E1b1 E-M2 8III515Eu2H2BE3aE3aE1b1E1b1aE3aE3aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1aE1b1a1E1b1a1 E-M58 8III515 H2BE3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E3a1E3a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1E1b1a1a1aE1b1a1a1a E-M116.2 8III515 H2BE3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E3a2E3a2E1b1a2E1b1a2E1ba12removed E-M149 8III515 H2BE3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E3a3E3a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a3E1b1a1a1cE1b1a1a1c E-M154 8III515 H2BE3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E3a4E3a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a4E1b1a1a1g1cE1b1a1a1g1c E-M155 8III515 H2BE3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E3a5E3a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a5E1b1a1a1dE1b1a1a1d E-M10 8III515 H2BE3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E3a6E3a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a6E1b1a1a1eE1b1a1a1e EM35.1 formerly EM35E1b1b1(xE1b1b1a1b1a3~)25III414Eu4H2BE3bE3bE1b1b1E1b1b1E3b1E3b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1(xE1b1b1a1b5)E1b1b1(xE1b1b1a1b5)E1b1b1(xE1b1b1a1b1a3)EM35.1 ∨ EM35.2E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E1b1b1E-M35.2E1b1b1a1b1a3~E1b1b1a1b5E1b1b1a1b5E1b1b1a1b1a3 E-M78 25III414 H2BE3b1E3b1E1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1aE1b1b1a1E1b1b1a1 E-M148 25III414 H2BE3b1aE3b1aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E3b1a3aE3b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a3aE1b1b1a1c1E1b1b1a1c1 E-M81 25III414 H2BE3b2E3b2E1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E3b1bE3b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1bE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1a E-M107 25III414 H2BE3b2aE3b2aE1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE3b1b1E3b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1E1b1b1b1aE1b1b1b1a1 E-M165 25III414 H2BE3b2bE3b2bE1b1b1b2E1b1b1b1b1E3b1b2E3b1b2E1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b2aE1b1b1b1a2a E-M123 25III414 H2BE3b3E3b3E1b1b1cE1b1b1cE3b1cE3b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1cE1b1b1b2a E-M34 25III414 H2BE3b3aE3b3aE1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E3b1c1E3b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1c1E1b1b1b2a1 E-M136 25III414 H2BE3ba1E3b3a1E1b1b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E3b1c1aE3b1c1aE1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1c1a1E1b1b1b2a1a1 F-M89 2VI1R20 H4BFFFFFFFFFFFFF*(xI,J2,G,H1a,K)Eu10F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H,K)F*(xI,J2,G,H1,K) H-APT 15VI1R20 H4BF1H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H1b1 G-M201G2VI1R20Eu11H4BGGGGGGGGGGGG G-P20 2VI1R20 H4BG1G1aG1aG1aG1aG1aG1aG1aG1aG1aG1a G-P15 2VI1Ha22 H4BG2G2G2aG2aG2G2G2aG2aG2aG2aG2a G-P16 2VI1Hb22 H4BG2aG2aG2a1G2a1G2aG2aG2a1G2a1G2a1G2a1G2a1a1 G-P18 2VI1Hb22 H4BG2a1G2a1G2a1aG2a1aG2a1G2a1G2a1aG2a1aG2a1aG2a1aG2a1aH-L901HHH-L902H1H-M69H1aEu12HHHHHHHHHHHH1 H-M52H1a135VI1R20 H4BHH1H1H1H1H1H1H1H1H1H1H1a H-M82H1a1a35VI1R20 H4BH1H1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1aH1a1H-Z14668H1a1a1H1a1a H-M36H1a1a1a35VI1R20 H4BH1aH1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1H1a1a1 H-M97H1a1a2~35VI1R20 H4BH1bH1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a2H1a1b H-M39H1a1a3~35VI1R21 H4BH1cH1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a3H1a1c I-M170I2VI1R21 H4BIIIIIIIIIIIIEu7I*(xI1b2)I*(xI1b2)I*(xI2a2)I*(xI2a1)I*(xI2a1) I-P38 2VI1R21 H4BI1I1III1I1IIIII I-P30 2VI1R21 H4BI1aI1aI1I1I1aI1aI1I1I1I1I1 I-P40 2VI1R21 H4BI1a1I1a1I1I1I1aI1aI1I1I1I1I1 I-M21 2VI1R21 H4BI1a2I1a2I1aI1aI1a2I1a2I1aI1aI1aI1aremoved I-M72 2VI1R21 H4BI1a3I1a3I1b1I1b1I1a3I1a1aI1b1I1b1I1b1I1b1I1b1a I-P37.2 2VI1R21 H4BI1bI1bI2aI2a I2a1I2a1 I-P41.2 2VI1R21 H4BI1b1I1b1I2a1I2a2a I2a1b1I2a1b1 I-M26 2VI1R21Eu8H4BI1b2I1b2I2a2I2a1 I2a1 I-M161 2VI1R21 H4BI1b2aI1b2aI2a2aI2a1a J-12f2a 9VIMed23 H4BJJJJ J-M62 9VIMed23 H4BJ1J1aJ1aJ1a J-M172J29VIMed24Eu9H4BJ2J2J2J2 J2 J2 J2 J2 J2 J2 J2J2 J-M47 9VIMed24 H4BJ2aJ2aJ2a1J2a4a J-M68 9VIMed24 H4BJ2bJ2bJ2a3J2a4c J-M137 9VIMed24 H4BJ2cJ2cJ2a4J2a4h2a1 J-M158 9VIMed24 H4BJ2dJ2dJ2a5J2a4h1 J-M12 9VIMed24 H4BJ2eJ2eJ2bJ2b J-M102 9VIMed24 H4BJ2e1J2e1J2bJ2b J-M99 9VIMed24 H4BJ2e1aJ2e1aJ2b2aJ2b2a J-M67 9VIMed24 H4BJ2fJ2fJ2a2J2a4b J-M92 9VIMed24 H4BJ2f1J2f1J2a2aJ2a4b1 J-M163 9VIMed24 H4BJ2f2J2f2J2a2bJ2a4b2 K-M9K26VIII1U25 H5FKKKK K K K K K K KKK*(xT1a,N1a1,L,P)Eu16K*(xK2,N3,L,P)K*(xK2,N3,L,P)K*(xT,N1c,L,P)K*(xT1,N1c,L,P)K*(xK2,N3,L,P)K*(xK2,N3,L,P)K*(xT,N1c,L,P) M-SRY9138 23VIII1E25 H5FK1K1M2aM2a T-M70T1a26VIII1U25Eu15H5FK2K2TT1K2K2TTTT1T1aT1a K-M147 26VIII1U25 H5FK3K3K1K1K3K3K1K1K1K1removed K2eS-B254SS-B255S1S-Z41335S1aS-Z42413S1a1S-Z41513S1a1a S-M230S1a1b K5K5SSSSSS L-M20L28VIII1U27Eu17H5FLLLL L L L L L L LL L-M27 28VIII1U27 H5FL1L1L1L1 L-L595L228VIII1U27 H5FL*L*L*L*L*L*L*L*L*L2L2L2 M-M4 24VIII1U37 H17EMMM1M1 M-P34 24VIII1U37 H17EM1M1M1aM1a M-P22 24VIII1U38 H17EM2M2aM1b1M1b1 M-M16 24VIII1U39 H17EM2aM2a1M1b1aM1b1a M-M83 24VIII1U38 H17EM2bM2a2M1b1bM1b1b N-M231NN-M2183N1N-M2013N1a N-LLY22gremoved12VIII1U25 H5FN*NN1N1 N-L666N1a2 N-M128N1a2a12VIII1U25 H5FN1N1N1aN1a N-B523N1a2b N-P63N1a2b112VIII1U25 H5FN2N2aN1b1N1b1 N-TAT, N-M46N1a112VIII1I26 H5FN3N3N1cN1c N3 N3 N1c N3*(xN1a1a)Eu13N3*N3*(xN3a)N1c*(xN1c1)N1c*(xN1c1)N3*(xN3a)N3*(xN3a)N1c*(xN1c1) N-M178N1a1a16VIII1I26Eu14H5FN3aN3aN1c1N1c1 N3a N3a N1c1 N-P21not incl.16VIII1I26 H5FN3a1N3a1N1c1aN1c1a N3a1 O-M175 26VII1U28 H9IOOOOOOOOOOO O-M119 26VII1U32 H9HO1O1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1aO1a O-M101 26VII1U32 H9HO1aO1a1O1a1aO1a1aO1a1O1a1O1a1aO1a1aO1a1aO1a1aO1a1a O-M50 26VII1U32 H10HO1bO1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2O1a2 O-P31 26VII1U33 H5IO2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2 O-M95 26VII1U34 H11GO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2aO2a1O2a1O2a1 O-M88 26VII1U34 H12GO2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1O2a1aO2a1aO2a1a O-SRY465 20VII1U35 H5IO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2bO2b O-47z 5VII1U26 H5IO2b1O2b1aO2b1O2b1O2b1aO2b1aO2b1O2b1O2b1O2b1O2b1O2b1a O-M122 26VII1U29 H6LO3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3O3 O-M121 26VII1U29 H6LO3aO3aO3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1O3a1aO3a1aO3a1a O-M164 26VII1U29 H6LO3bO3bO3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a2O3a1bO3a1bO3a1b O-M159 13VII1U31 H6LO3cO3cO3a3aO3a3aO3a3O3a3O3a3aO3a3aO3a3aO3a3aO3a3aO3a2a O-M7 26VII1U29 H7LO3dO3cO3a3bO3a3bO3a4O3a4O3a3bO3a3bO3a3bO3a2bO3a2bO3a2b O-M113 26VII1U29 H7LO3d1O3c1O3a3b1O3a3b1 O3a4aO3a3b1O3a3b1O3a3b1O3a2b1O3a2b1O3a2b1 O-M134 26VII1U30 H8LO3eO3dO3a3cO3a3cO3a5O3a5O3a3cO3a3cO3a3cO3a2c1O3a2c1O3a2c1 O-M117 26VII1U30 H8LO3e1O3d1O3a3c1O3a3c1O3a5aO3a5aO3a3c1O3a3c1O3a3c1O3a3c1O3a2c1aO3a2c1a O-M162 26VII1U30 H8LO3e1aO3d1aO3a3c1aO3a3c1aO3a5a1O3a5a1O3a3c1aO3a3c1aO3a3c1aremoved P-P295PPP-PF5845P1 P-M45P1a1X1C40 H14 PPPPPPPPPPPP1P*(xR1,Q1b1a1a,R2a)Eu20P*(xR1,Q3,P1)P*(xR1,Q3,R2)P*(xR1,Q1a3a,R2)P*(xR1,Q1a3a1,R2)P*(xR1,Q3,R2) R-M124R2a1X1C40Eu21H14 P1R2R2R2R2R2R2R2R2aR2aR2aR2a Q-P36 1X1C40 H14 QQQ1Q1QQQ1Q1Q1Q1Q1Q1 Q-M120 1X1C40 H13 Q1Q1Q1a1Q1a1Q1Q1Q1a1Q1a1Q1a1Q1a1Q1a1Q1a1a1 Q-M25 1X1C40 H14 Q2Q2Q1a2Q1a2Q2Q2Q1a2Q1a2Q1a2Q1a2Q1a2Q1a1b Q-M3Q1b1a1a18X1G41Eu22H15 Q3Q3Q1a3aQ1a3a1Q3Q3Q1a3aQ1a3aQ1a3a1Q1a3a1Q1a3a1Q1a2a1a1 Q-M19 18X1G41 H15 Q3aQ3aQ1a3a1Q1a3a1aQ3aQ3aQ1a3a1Q1a3a1Q1a3a1aQ1a3a1aQ1a3a1aQ1a2a1a1a Q-M194 18X1G41 H15 Q3bQ3bQ1a3a2Q1a3a1bQ3bQ3bQ1a3a2Q1a3a2Q1a3a1bQ1a3a1aQ1a3a1aQ1a2a1a1b Q-M199 18X1G41 H15 Q3cQ3cQ1a3a3Q1a3a1cQ3cQ3cQ1a3a3Q1a3a3Q1a3a1cQ1a3a1cQ1a3a1cQ1a2a1a1c R-M207R1IX1C42 H14DRRRRRRRRRRRR R-M173R11IX1C43 H14DR1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1R1*(xR1a1a)Eu18R1*(xR1a1)R1*(xR1a1)R1*(xR1a1)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1)R1*(xR1a1)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1a)R1*(xR1a1a)R-M420, R-L62, R-M513R1aR1aR1aR1aR1aR1aR1aR1a R-M459,