Vera Turán Sós (11 September 1930 – 22 March 2023) was a Hungarian mathematician who specialized in number theory and combinatorics. She was a student and close collaborator of both Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi. She also collaborated frequently with her husband Pál Turán, an analyst, number theorist, and combinatorist. Until 1987, she worked at the Department of Analysis at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Afterwards, she was employed by the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics.List of research fellows of the Rényi Institute, retrieved 23 January 2010. She was elected a corresponding member (1985) and member (1990) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences., Hungarian Academy of Sciences, retrieved 23 January 2010. In 1997, Sós was awarded the Széchenyi Prize.
One of her contributions is the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem concerning the maximum possible number of edges in a bipartite graph that does not contain certain complete subgraphs. Another is the following so-called friendship theorem proved with Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi: if, in a finite graph, any two vertices have exactly one common neighbor, then some vertex is joined to all others. In number theory, Sós proved the three-gap theorem, conjectured by Hugo Steinhaus and proved independently by Stanisław Świerczkowski.
Life and career Vera Sós was the daughter of a school teacher. As an adolescent, Sós attended the Abonyi Street Jewish high school in Budapest and graduated in 1948. She was later introduced to Alfréd Rényi and Paul Erdős, with whom she later collaborated,Erdős, P.; Rényi, A.; Sós, V. T. On the problem of graph theory. Studia Sci. Math. Hungar. 1 (1966), 215–235 by her teacher Tibor Gallai. (Together, she and Erdős wrote thirty papers.) Sós considered Gallai to be the person who discovered her gift for mathematics. Sós was also one of three girls in Gallai's class to become mathematicians. Sós later attended Eötvös Loránd University. There, she studied as a mathematics and physics major and graduated in 1952. Although she was still a student, Sós taught at Eötvös University in 1950. At the age of twenty, Sós attended a Mathematical Congress in Budapest, Hungary and attended a summer internship. Sós met her husband and collaborator Paul Turán in college. They married in 1952. The two had two children, in 1953 and 1960, György and Thomas Turán.Background Information on Sós (on pages 19–22) Pál Turán died in September 1976.
In 1965, Sós began the weekly Hajnal–Sós seminar at the Mathematical Institute of the Hungarian Academy for Science with András Hajnal. The seminar is considered to be a "forum for new results in combinatorics."Same as Note 4 This weekly seminar continues to this day.
Throughout her years working in mathematics, Sós was honored with many awards as a result of her work. One of the many awards includes the Széchenyi Prize, which she received in 1997. The Széchenyi Prize is an award given to those who have greatly contributed to the academic life of Hungary.
Awards Member of Academia Europaea, 2013 Széchenyi Prize, 1997 Academic Award, 1983 Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, 2002 Tibor Szele Medal, 1974List of awards given to Vera T. Sós Honorary Doctorate from Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest Honorary Doctorate from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2018.
Selected publications
Notes
References MTI Ki Kicsoda [Who's Who] 2009, Magyar Távirati Iroda Zrt., Budapest, 2008, pp. 1130., A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia tagjai 1825–2002 III. (R–ZS). [Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1825–2002, volume III.] Ed. Ferenc Glatz. Budapest: MTA Társadalomkutató Központ, 2003, pp. 1155–1156. "T. Sós Vera: Rend, Rendezetlenség és Ami a Kettő Között Van." Lecture. 6 November 2010. YouTube. YouTube, 24 January 2012. Web. 20 April 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c39uLbMGNEo>. "Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)." MTA. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 April 2013. <http://mta.hu/koztestuleti_tagok?PersonId=19476>. "A Matematikus T. Sós Vera 75 éves (The Mathematician Vera Sos 75 Years Old)." http://www.nol.hu. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nol.hu/archivum/archiv-376708>. Babai, László (2001). "In and Out of Hungary: Paul Erdős, His Friends, and Times" (PostScript). University of Chicago. Retrieved 2008-06-22.<https://web.archive.org/web/20070207131035/http://www.cs.uchicago.edu/files/tr_authentic/TR-2001-03.ps> Sos, Vera T. "A Matematika Professzor Asszonya." Interview. A Matematika Professzor Asszonya. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 April 2013. <http://www.termeszetvilaga.hu/tv2000/tv0009/matematika.html>.
External links (in Hungarian), lecture given by Sós on 6 November 2010