This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.
Alphabetical list
A PortraitPersonInventionsImageBruno Abakanowicz (1852–1900)(Poland/Lithuania origin)Integraph, spirograph, parabolagraphValerian Abakovsky (1895–1921)aerowagonVitaly Abalakov (1906–1986) camming devices, Abalakov thread (V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchorEvgeny Abramyan (1930–2014)halyard for the first extra-vehicular activityVsevolod Abramovich (1890–1913) Abramovich FlyerHovannes Adamian (1879–1932) (Armenia/Azerbaijan/Germany)tricolor principle of the color televisionАдамян Ованес Абгарович, Great Soviet EncyclopediaFranz Aepinus (1724–1802) achromatic microscopeGeorgy Adelson-Velsky (1922–2014)AVL tree datastructure, Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion)Anatoly Alexandrov (1903–1994) anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker)Alexandrov's biography Alexandrov's biography Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982) pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1995). Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation. Paris, France: Indiana University Press. Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980) ekranoplan, Soviet high-speed hydrofoilsBiography of Alexeev Zhores Alferov (1930–2019) heterotransistor (with Herbert Kroemer), continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Dmitri Garbuzov)The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 – Information for the PublicGenrich Altshuller (1926–1998) TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")Altshuller's biography Vasily Andreyev(1861–1918) standard balalaikaVasily Andreyev article on the city site of Bezhetsk History of balalaika Oleg Antonov(1906–1984) An-series aircraft, including Antonov A-40 winged tank and Antonov An-124 (the largest serial cargo aircraft, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft Antonov An-225)Antonov's biography Lev Artsimovich (1909–1973) first tokamakArtsimovich's biography
B PortraitPersonInventionsImageGeorgy Babakin (1914–1971) first soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9)Babakin's Biography Boris Babayan (born 1933) Elbrus computerVladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944) (Ukraine)(self-portrait)Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflageVladimir Barmin (1909–1993) first rocket launch complex (Baikonur spaceport)Barmin's biography Nikolay Basov (1922–2001) co-inventor of laser and maserErnest Beaux (1881–1961) Chanel No. 5Vladimir Bekhterev(1857–1927)Bekhterev's mixture (a medicine with a sedative effect)БЕХТЕРЕВА МИКСТУРА (MixturaBechtereva) at medicinelib.ru Nikolay Benardos(1842–1905)arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method)Biography of Bernardos by A. A. Chekanov Aleksandr Bereznyak (1912–1974) (left on photo)first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev)Bereznyak-Isayev BI Georgy Beriev (1903–1979) (Georgian origin)Be-series amphibious aircraftFyodor Blinov(1827–1902)first tracked vehicle (a wagon on continuous tracks), steam-powered caterpillar tractorThe inventor of tractor Our armor is strong and our tanks are fast and our people are full of courage Sam Born (1891–1959)lollipop-making machineGeorgy Bothezat(1882–1940)quadrotor helicopter (The Flying Octopus)"Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century" . centennialofflight.gov. Accessed 10 May 2010.Sergey Brin (born 1973) with Larry Page, invented Google web search engineMikhail Britnev (1822–1889) first metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot)Вестник Регистра морского судоходства России Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014)ternary computer (Setun)Russian Virtual Computer Museum – Hall of Fame – Nikolay Petrovich Brusentsov. Retrieved 2010-01-25.Gersh Budker (1918–1977)electron cooling, co-inventor of colliderAcademician Gersh Itckovich Budker The brief history of particle accelerators Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886) hexamine, formaldehyde, formose reaction (the synthesis of sugar)Read, J. (1935), Text-Book of Organic Chemistry, London: G Bell & Sons.
C PortraitPersonInventionsImageVladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system)The history of Chelomey's OKB Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) Cherenkov detectorEvgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) pressure suitVita Germetika: A Brief History of Creating and Development of Soviet-Russian space suits Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964)air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of RussiaTsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperativeGuinness Book of Records
D PortraitPersonInventionsImageVasily Degtyaryov(1880–1949)first self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat (the first self-loading rifle)Degtyaryov's biography Akinfiy Demidov (1678–1745) Tsardom of Russiaco-developer of rebar, cast iron cupola, lightning rod (all found in the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk)The office of the first Russian oligarch Yuri Denisyuk (1927–2006) 3D holographyVirtual Museum: Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918) Bisphenol A, Dianin's compoundMikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919) (Poland, Germany)three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer)Доливо-Добровольский Михаил Осипович, Great Soviet EncyclopediaNikolay Dollezhal (1899–2000) AM-1 reactor for the first nuclear power plant and other RBMK-type reactors, pressurized water reactor (VVER)Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977) deep column stationMayakovskaya at the official site of the Moscow Metro
E PortraitPersonInventionsImageIvan Elmanov first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages)The Unknown Russian Monorail
F PortraitPersonInventionsImagePeter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) Fabergé EggsThe House of Fabergé Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) (born in Georgia)first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freelyJean Boulet, Histoire de l'hélicoptère : racontée par ses pionniers, 1907–1956, Paris : Ed. France-Empire, 1982 Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuaniainvented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in RussiaIvan Fyodorov's biography Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) radial keratotomyOphthalmology for all Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966)Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)C. Taylor The fighting rifle – A complete study of the rifle in combat,
G PortraitPersonInventionsImageYakov Modestovich Gakkel(1874–1945)first Russian-made aircraft and diesel locomotives"Ya.M.Gakkel. The designer of the first Soviet diesel locomotives" @ Innovation Digest.Boris Borisovich Galitzine(1862–1916)electromagnetic seismographAbout Prince B. B. Galitzine by Alexey Krylov Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006) continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasersInvestigation of the influence of the AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructure parameters on the laser threshold current and the realization of the continuous emission at the room temperature, Zh. I. Alferov, V.M. Andreev, D.Z. Garbuzov, and others, Sov. Phys. Semiconductors 4Georgy Gause(1910–1986)gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibioticsGause, GF. 1960. The search for new antibiotics. New Haven: Yale University Press. 97pp.E. K. Gauzenthree bolt equipment (early diving costume)A Brief History of Diving History of diving in Russia Andrey Geim (born 1958)grapheneIt's a thinner winner bbc.co.uk 19 October 2006Nestor Genko (1839–1904)Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)Genko's Forest Belt at the site dedicated to protected areas of Ulyanovsk Oblast Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989)hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170)Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915) first modern man-portable mortarGobyato's biography Igor Gorynin (1926–2015)weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steelsGorynin's biography on the web page of Prometey Igor Gorynin's article on Personalities of Saint Petersburg Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966)cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tubeGrabovsky Boris Pavlovich and his "Telephote". Myths and reality by Yury Rubchenko Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976)(left on photo)MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan)Migavia.ru – official site of MiG "OKB" successor enterprise
H PortraitPersonInventionsImageWaldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plagueHistory of Haffkine Institute Haffkine's biography
I PortraitPersonInventionsImageGavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesisA Genius of Osteogenesis Lee Beadling "Ilizarov discovered the miracle of distraction osteogenesis"Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history)Ilyushin's biography at The Heroes of the Country site Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971)(second left on photo)first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak)Isidore Grand Duchy of MoscowRussian vodkaVladislav Ivanov (1936–2007)Pioneer of Magnetic resonance imagingПРИВЕТ НОБЕЛЮ ОТ ИВАНОВАPatents by Ivan Vladislav
J PortraitPersonInventionsImageBoris Jacobi (1801–1874) electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boatJacobi's biography
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