Friedrich Joseph of Nauendorf, a general in Habsburg service during the French Revolutionary Wars, was noted for his intrepid and daring cavalry raids. Like most Austrian officers of the French Revolutionary Wars, he joined the military as a young man, and served in the War of Bavarian Succession. In the war's opening action, he successfully repelled a Prussian border raid, which earned him the admiration of the Empress Maria Theresa's son, Joseph. His continued success in the Habsburg border wars with the Ottoman Empire added to his reputation as a commander.

In the Wars of the First and Second Coalitions, his forces were vital to the successful relief of Mainz, and his commands captured the French siege train and most of the supplies during the French evacuation. In the campaigns in Swabia (1799), he commanded the advanced guard, and later the center of the main column at the Battle of Stockach on 25 March 1799. At the First Battle of Zürich in 1799, he commanded the right wing in the Austrian victory of André Masséna's force. After the Swabian and Swiss campaigns, he retired in poor health, and died in 1801.

Early career Born in the village of Heilsdorf,Probably Helsdorf, now in Burgstädt, Mittelsachsen. in the Saxon Vogtland, 3 August 1749, Nauendorf came from a family of minor Saxon aristocracy and Prussian state administrators. His grandfather was a states' attorney in Jena. His father, Freiherr (Baron) Carl Georg Christian Nauendorf, was a cavalry officer in Habsburg military service in the Seven Years' War, and was present at the Battle of Kolín.Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, refers to M. de Nauendorf, and a small skirmish that he carried off on 17 May 1757, outside of Königsgrätz; this was the prince's first engagement under fire, and he was enormously pleased with it: "...happy as a king..." Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne. The Prince de Ligne. His memoirs, letters, and miscellaneous papers. Boston: Hardy, Pratt & Co., 1902, p. 69. He was also part of Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon's army on 30 September – 1 October 1761, when Laudon led the force in the storming of Schweidnitz. Franz Dedekind. Geschichte des k.k. Kaiser Franz Joseph I. Dragoner-Regimentes Nr. 11, von seiner Errichtung, 20. Dezember 1688, bis 6. Mai 1879. Wien: np, 1879, p. 176.

Nauendorf joined the 8th Hussar Regiment in 1763. "Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 23 (1886), ab Seite 299, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource URL: Nauendorf In 1766, his father became Colonel and Proprietor (Inhaber) of the regiment; upon his father's death in 1775, Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser became Colonel and Inhaber, and the Regiment became known as 8th Hussar Wurmser, or Wurmser's Hussars. K.u.K. Kriegsministerium. Militär-Schematismus des österreichischen Kaiserthums. Wien, Aus der k.k. Hof- und Staats-Druckerei. 1865-1918. p. 402, p. 807.

War in Bohemia and Silesia In 1778, Nauendorf was a Rittmeister (captain of cavalry) of the Wurmser Hussar Regiment, and stationed near the border of Bohemia and Prussia, by Pressburg (present-day Bratislava), the regiment's peacetime garrison.Istvan Nagy. Hussar Regiment Number 8 (Austrian). Napoleon Series. Robert Burnham, editor in Chief. April 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2010. At the end of the year, the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, died unexpectedly of smallpox. As the last of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty, descended from 13th century Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Bavarian, Maximilian was related to most of the German houses, and Bavaria was strategically located to entice the Habsburgs, chiefly Archduke and co-Regent Joseph, to covet the duchy.Jean Berenger. A History of the Habsburg Empire 1700–1918. C. Simpson, Trans. New York: Longman, 1997, , pp. 104–105 Tensions rose between and among the princes of the German states, principally Elector of Saxony, King of Prussia, and Joseph; their diplomats shuttled between courts to resolve problems raised by the Bavarian Succession crisis, while Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick August of Saxony and Joseph of Austria moved their extensive armies into position in Bohemia.These armies, totaling over 300,000 men, were larger in manpower and firepower than any of the forces mobilized in the Seven Years' War. Timothy Blanning. The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648-1815. New York: Viking, 2007. , pp. 591, 610–611. Michael Hochedlinger. Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683–1799. London: Longman, 2003, p. 300.

In early July 1778, the Prussian General Johann Jakob von Wunsch (1717–1788) crossed into Bohemia near the fortified town of Náchod, in the opening action of the War of the Bavarian Succession. Nauendorf had only 50 Hussars, but they sallied from their garrison to engage the larger Prussian force. Encountering Wunsch, Nauendorf greeted the old Prussian general and his men as friends; by the time the Prussians realized the allegiance of the Hussars, Nauendorf and his small force had acquired the strategic advantage. Following a brief skirmish, Wunsch withdrew. The next day Nauendorf was promoted to major. Jens Florian Ebert, Feldmarschall-Leutnant Graf von Nauendorf. In Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792-1815. Accessed 30 January 2012. Carl von Seidl, Versuch einer militärischen Geschichte des Bayerischen Erbfolge-Kriegs, im Jahre 1778: im Gesichtspunkte der Wahrheit betrachtet..., Von einem Königl. Preussischen Officier 1781. Band 1, p. 144 Constant von Wurzbach. "Nauendorf, Friedrich August Graf." Biographisches lexikon des kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthaltend die lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben. Wien: K.K. Hof- und staatsdruckerie [etc.] 1856-91, Volume 20, pp. 103–105, p. 103 cited. In a letter to her son, Joseph, the Empress Maria Theresa wrote: "They say you are so pleased with the rookie Nauendorf, the Carlstätter or Hungarian who killed seven men, that you gave him 12 ducats." "Maria Theresa to Joseph, 17 July, 1778." Maria Theresa, Empress and Joseph, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Ihre Correspondenz sammt Briefen Joseph's an seinen Bruder Leopold. Wien, C. Gerold's Sohn, 1867–68, p. 345–46. Full text is: "On dit que vous avez été si content de Nauendorf, d'un recrue Carlstätter ou hongrois qui a tué sept hommes, que vous lui avez donné douze ducats;..." Enamored with the possibility of acquiring Bavaria, Joseph encouraged successful raids against the Prussian troops. On 7 August 1778, with two squadrons of his regiment, Nauendorf led a raid against a Prussian convoy at Biebersdorf in the County of Kladsko. The surprised convoy surrendered, and Nauendorf captured its officers, 110 men, 476 horses, 240 wagons of flour, and 13 transport wagons. Ebert, "Nauendorf."

In another raid, on 17–18 January 1779, Nauendorf's commander, Dagobert von Wurmser advanced into the County of Glatz in five columns, surrounded Habelschwerdt, stormed the village. In a subsequent assault on the so-called Swedish blockhouse in Oberschwedeldorf (now Szalejów Górny), Henryk Grzybowski, Fort Oberschwedeldorf w Szalejowie Górnym - nieznany fort Ziemi Kłodzkiej In: "Gazeta Prowincjonalna Ziemi Kłodzkiej", No 17/2011. Henryk Grzybowski, Fort Oberschwedeldorf, unbekanntes Fort in der Grafschaft Glatz In: "Altheider Weihnachtsbrief", Ausgabe 15, 2011, S. 140–143. it and the village of Habelschwerdt were set on fire by howitzers. In total, the raid resulted in the capture of Prince Adolf of Hesse-Philippsthal and over 1,000 men, three cannon and ten colors. Wurmser's forward patrols reached the outskirts of Glatz, and patrolled much of Silesia's border with Prussia, near Schweidnitz.Constant Wurzbach. "Dagoburt Sigismund von Wurmser." Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Österreich. Vienna, 1856–91, vol 59, pp. 1–5. Halberschwerdt and Oberschedeldorf were both destroyed.Oscar Criste. "Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser." Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 44 (1898), S. 338–340, Digitale Volltext-Ausgabe in Wikisource. (Version vom 24. März 2010, 3:18 Uhr UTC). Hochedlinger, p. 368.

On 3 March 1779, Nauendorf raided the Berbersdorf again, this time with a larger force of infantry and hussars, and took the entire Prussian garrison as prisoner. Following this action, Joseph, now Emperor, awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa (19 May 1779). This kind of action characterized the entire war; there were no major battles. The armies of the opposing sides conducted series of raids and counter-raids from which they lived off the country-side and tried to deny each other access to supplies and fodder.The War of Bavarian Succession is also known as the Potato War, or Kartoffelkrieg, in Prussia and Saxony, and as the Plum Fuss, or Zwetschenrummel in Austria and Bavaria. Berenger, pp. 104–105. Hochedlinger, p. 368. Williams, p. 245.

Action in the border war

Nauendorf served with the Habsburg forces during the Ottoman wars from 1787 to 1791. On 19–20 October 1788, near Tomaševac (present day Serbia), Nauendorf routed 1,200 of the elite Sipahis with two squadrons of hussars. "Nauendorf." ADB. Kudrna, Leopold, and Digby Smith. A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. "Nauendorf". Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 19 October 2009. Two squadrons is approximately 300 men and six officers. See definition of "Eskadron," (squadron) in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon – Meyers Auflagen und Ausgaben . Lexikon und Enzyklopädie – Umfangreiche Übersicht mit sehr vielen Abbildungen zu den einzelnen Meyers-Auflagen und deren unterschiedlichen Einbandvarianten. On 23 October 1788, with only six squadrons of hussars, he attacked the Turkish rearguard in the village of Pančevo, in the Banat, during which the Turkish commander was mortally wounded. On 16  September 1789, he led the successful raid on the island of Borecs in the Danube, which garnered greatly needed supplies from the Turkish forces. Fr. Vaníček. Specialgeschichte der Militärgrenze: aus Originalquellen und Quellenwerken geschöpft. Wien: Aus der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1875, pp. 447–448. On 9 November of that year, he led four squadrons of his regiment to capture Gladova, from the so-called Iron Gate of the Danube.J. R. McCulloch. "Gladova." A dictionary, geographical, statistical, and historical of the various countries, places, and principal natural objects in the world. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854, p. 903. Nauendorf was awarded command of 30th Hussar Regiment Wurmser, as the so-called second colonel, who functioned as an executive officer. Ebert. "Nauendorf." On 12 March 1779, Joseph elevated Nauendorf to the rank of Count, or Graf.Kudrna and Smith, in "Nauendorf", maintain that he was raised to the rank of Count in 1779; Andreas Thürheim, Graf, in Gedenkblätter aus der Kriegsgeschichte der k. k. österreichischen. Wien: K. Prochaska, 1880, maintains that Nauendorf was honored for his military exploits in the Bavarian Succession crisis in 1779, but that he was not raised to the rank of "Count" until 1784. See page 202: German: 1779, Oberst und Regiments Commandant Franz von Boriscky und Major Friederich August Baron Nauendorf wurden für ihren ausgezeichneten Waffenthaten im baierischen Erbfolgeskrieg b e i d e M.T.O.-R. Letzterer 1784 zu Grafenstand erhoben. English: "1779, Colonel and Regimental Commander Franz von Boriscky and Major Friederich August, Baron Nauendorf, both were awarded the Knight's (badge) of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. The latter in 1784 raised to the rank of Count."

Austrian action on the Rhine

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