Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have survived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
List of breakaway parties
Year PartyAbbr. Leader Region Status 1915 Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha ABHM Madan Mohan Malviya National active 1923 Swaraj Party SP Chittaranjan Das, Motilal Nehru Bengal Presidency defunctmerged with INC 1939 All India Forward BlocGhosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55 AIFB Sardul Singh CaveesharSheel Bhadra YageeSubhas Chandra Bose National active 1947 Pakistan National Congress PNC Kiran Shankar Roy Pakistan defunct 1951 Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party KMPP Jivatram Kripalani Madras StateVindhya Pradesh defunctmerged with Praja Socialist Party 1951 Hyderabad State Praja Party Tanguturi PrakasamN. G. Ranga Hyderabad State defunctmerged with Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 1951 Saurashtra Khedut Sangh Narsinhbhai DadhaniyaRatibhai Ukabhai Saurashtra State defunctmerged with Swatantra Party 1956 Indian National Democratic CongressBose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212 C. Rajagopalachari Madras State defunctmerged with Swatantra Party 1959 Swatantra Party C. RajagopalachariN. G. Ranga BiharRajasthanGujaratOrissa defunctmerged with Bharatiya Kranti Dal 1964 Kerala Congress K. M. George Kerala active as the original party has various factions, which have split off from it such as Kerala Congress (M), Kerala Congress (Jacob), Kerala Congress (B), Kerala Congress (Democratic), Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas), Kerala Congress (Thomas), Kerala Congress (Nationalist) 1966 Orissa Jana Congress Harekrushna Mahatab Odisha defunctmerged with Janata Party 1967 Bangla Congress Ajoy Mukherjee West Bengal defunctmerged with INC 1967 Vishal Haryana Party Birender Singh Haryana defunctmerged with INC 1967 Bharatiya Kranti DalWallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 68. Charan Singh Uttar Pradesh defunctmerged with Bharatiya Lok Dal 1968 Manipur Peoples Party Mohammed Alimuddin Manipur active 1969 Indian National Congress (R) Indira Gandhi National defunctmerged with INC 1969 Indian National Congress (Organisation)Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, , p.236 K. Kamaraj National defunctmerged with Janata Party 1969 Utkal Congress Biju Patnaik Odisha defunctmerged with Janata Party 1969 Telangana Praja Samithi Marri Chenna Reddy Andhra Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 1971 Biplobi Bangla Congress Sukumar Roy West Bengal activepart of the Left Front (West Bengal) 1971 Bangladesh National Congress Manoranjan Dhar Bangladesh defunct 1977 Congress for Democracy Jagjivan Ram National defunctmerged with Janata party 1978 Indian National Congress (Indira) Indira Gandhi National defunctmerged with INC 1979 Indian National Congress (Urs) D. Devaraj Urs KarnatakaMaharashtraGoa defunctbecome Indian National Congress (Socialist) 1980 Congress (A) A. K. Antony Kerala defunctmerged with INC 1981 Indian National Congress (Socialist)Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135 Sharad Pawar KarnatakaMaharashtraGoa defunctmerged with INC 1981 Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) Jagjivan Ram Bihar defunct 1984 Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha Sarat Chandra Sinha Assam defunctMajor faction of the party merged with Nationalist Congress Party. However a residual faction still exists in Kerala as a part of Left Front. 1986 Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress Pranab Mukherjee West Bengal defunctmerged with INC 1988 Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani Sivaji Ganesan Tamil Nadu defunctmerged with Janata Dal 1990 Haryana Vikas Party Bansi Lal Haryana defunctmerged with INC in 2004 1994 All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) Narayan Datt TiwariArjun SinghNatwar SinghRangarajan Kumaramangalam Uttar Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 1994 Karnataka Congress Party Bangarappa Karnataka defunctmerged with INC 1994 Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress Vazhapadi Ramamurthy Tamil Nadu defunctmerged with INC 1996 Karnataka Vikas Party Bangarappa Karnataka defunctmerged with INC 1996 Arunachal Congress Gegong Apang Arunachal Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 19962014 Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) G. K. Moopanar 1996-2001G. K. Vasan (2014–present) Tamil Nadu activemerged with INC in 2001split again from INC in 2014 1996 Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress Madhavrao Scindia Madhya Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 1997 Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress Vazhapadi Ramamurthy Tamil Nadu defunct 1997 Himachal Vikas Congress Sukh Ram Himachal Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 1997 Manipur State Congress Party Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh Manipur defunctmerged with RJD 1998 All India Trinamool Congress TMC, AITC Mamata Banerjee West Bengal Seized by ECIBroke into 2 Factions-Mamata All India Trinamool Congress and Democratic Trinamool Congress led by Mamata Banerjee and Ritabrata Banerjee respectively. 1998 Goa Rajiv Congress Party Francis de Souza Goa defunctmerged with Nationalist Congress Party 1998 Arunachal Congress (Mithi) Mukut Mithi Arunachal Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 1998 All India Indira Congress (Secular) Shish Ram Ola Rajasthan defunctmerged with INC 1998 Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi Suresh Kalmadi Maharashtra defunctmerged with INC 1999 Bharatiya Jan Congress Jagannath Mishra Bihar defunctmerged with Nationalist Congress Party 1999 Nationalist Congress Party Sharad PawarP.A. SangmaTariq Anwar MaharashtraMeghalayaKerala active 1999 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Mufti Mohammad Sayeed Jammu and Kashmir active 2000 Goa People's Congress Francisco Sardinha Goa defunctmerged with INC 2001 Congress Jananayaka Peravai P. Chidambaram Tamil Nadu defunctformed as TMCJP, merged with inc 2001 Thondar Congress Kumari Ananthan Tamil Nadu defunctmerged with INC 2001 Pondicherry Makkal Congress P. Kannan Puducherry defunct 2002 Vidarbha Janata Congress Jambuwantrao Dhote Maharashtra active 2002 Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) Sheik Hassan Goa defunctmerged with Bharatiya Janata Party 2002 Gujarat Janata Congress Chhabildas Mehta Gujarat defunctmerged with NCP 2003 Congress (Dolo) Kameng Dolo Arunachal Pradesh defunctmerged with Bharatiya Janata Party 2003 Nagaland People's Front Neiphiu RioNagaland active 2005 Pondicherry Munnetra Congress P. Kannan Puducherry defunctmerged with INC 2005 Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran) K. Karunakaran Kerala defunctmerged with Nationalist Congress Party and a large number of workers returned to the INC with K. Karunakaran later his son K. Muraleedharan also returned to INC 2007 Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Kuldeep Bishnoi Haryana merged with INC 2008 Pragatisheel Indira Congress (PIC) Somendra Nath Mitra West Bengal defunctmerged with All India Trinamool Congress 2011 Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy Andhra Pradesh active 2011 All India N.R Congress N. Rangaswamy Puducherry active 2014 Jai Samaikyandhra Party Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy Andhra Pradesh defunctmerged with INC 2016 Chhattisgarh Janata Congress Ajit Jogi Chhattisgarh active 2019 Makkal Munnetra Congress P. Kannan Puducherry defunct 2021 Punjab Lok Congress Captain Amarinder Singh Punjab defunctmerged with Bharatiya Janata Party 2022 Democratic Progressive Azad Party Gulam Nabi Azad Jammu and Kashmir active
See also Dravidian parties List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress List of Janata Dal breakaway parties Splits and Mergers of Kerala Congress
References
https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/mis-Political_Parties/Constitution_of_Political_Parties/ConstitutionOfINC.pdf
External links Official All India Congress Committee website