A sovnya () is a category of traditional polearms used in Russia. Similar to the glaive, the sovnya had a curved, single-edged blade mounted on the end of a long pole. The modern term refers to weapons used by late-medieval Muscovite cavalry and were retained in use until the mid-17th century.
The term was essentially coined in the 19th century by Russian soldier and military historian A. V. Viskovatov and the weapon was not referred to as such during its period of service.Историческое описание одежды и вооружения российских войск, с рисунками, составленное по высочайшему повелению : в 30 т., в 60 кн. / Под ред. А. В. Висковатова. — Т. 1. — С. 66. The only original use of the term was in the Novgorod First Chronicle, describing a pointed weapon of unclear design.Совь // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907. Viskovatov's edition of the Chronicle translated the plural into Russian as sovi or sovni, where more reputable translations instead render it as , "darts", further distancing Viskovatov's terminology from historical reality.Чубинский А. Н. К вопросу о русских названиях древкового средневекового оружия. — С. 311.
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See also Timeline of Russian innovation
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