The following is a list of wars involving the Republic of Peru and its predecessor state, the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Spanish Peru (1532–1824) + Conflict Peru and allies Opponents ResultsSpanish conquest of the Inca Empire (1532–1572)
Conquest of Bolivia Conquest of Chile Conquest of Ecuador 2nd Inca-Spanish War Manco Inca Rebellion Titu Cusi's Vilcabamba campaign Tupac Amaru I's Vilcabamba campaign (1537–1554) New Castile (1529–1542) New Toledo (1534–1542) Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1572)
Cañari Caxamarcas (various groups) Huancas Chankas Huaylas Chachapoyas Huáscaran IncasSpanish victory
Former Incan Empire incorporated into the Spanish EmpireSpanish conquest of New Granada (1525–1540)
Expedition of Sebastián de Belalcázar Battle of Tocarema Klein-Venedig Muisca ConfederationCalimaNariñoQuimbayaSan AgustínTaironaZenúSpanish victory Conquest of present-day Colombia by the Spanish Empire, integration into the New Kingdom of Granada and Viceroyalty of PeruGrijalva expedition to the South Pacific (1537–1542) Spanish Empire New Spain New Castile (since 1539)Hostile indigenous people of Polynesiamutinous SpaniardsThe ship is lost in New Guinea, where almost the entire crew died. The rest are rescued by the Portuguese from Ternate.Civil Wars between conquerors of Peru (1537–1554)Pizarristas New Castile Vaca de Castro Royalists Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Royalists
Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty authorities Viceroyalty of PeruAlmagristas New Toledo Neo-Inca State (until 1542) Almagristas New Castile-New Toledo royal union Gonzalistas Encomenderos Francisco Hernandes Girón rebels Encomenderos1° Pizarrist victory: New Castile stays with Cuzco. Deaths of: Diego de Almagro "el viejo" and Francisco Pizarro. 2° Crown of Castille victory: Abolition of the hereditary governorships of New Castile and New Toledo after the attempt of unification and independence of the Kingdom of Spain. Establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru to ensure compliance with the orders of the King of Spain [mostly Laws of Burgos]. Death of Diego Almagro "el mozo" and Cristóbal Vaca de Castro.
3° Stalemate: The encomiendas in Peru are gradually annulled through the New Laws and Laws of the Indies until the 18th century; death of Gonzalo Pizarro and Blasco Núñez Vela.
4° Viceroyalty of Peru victory: Death of Francisco Hernández Girón and end of the rebellions of the encomenderos. Consolidation of Indian Law to protect the natural rights of the indigenous person in Peru.Orellana Expedition to Amazon river (1541–1542) Viceroyalty of Peru Province of QuitoHostile Amazonian peoplesStalemate
Discovery of the Amazon River until the Atlantic Ocean, but Spaniards retreat due to diseases (dying Francisco de Orellana). Start of catholic missions on Maynas.Spanish conquest and colonization of Argentina (1543–1593)
Expeditions in Tucumán Diego de Rojas entry to Tucumán Western colonizing current Northern colonizing current
(1543–1593) Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Province of Charcas Governorate of Paraguay Captaincy General of Chile
Indian auxiliariesIndigenous peoples
northern tehuelches Diaguitas GuaraniVictory of the Spanish conquistadors.
These territories weren't any unified entity and became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as the Governorate of the Río de la Plata.First Communero Rebellion (1544) Viceroyalty of Peru ParaguayComuneros EncomenderoDefeat of the royal authorities
Establishment of Domingo Martínez de Irala as governor by popular election of the Encomenderos, according to The Royal Decree of September 12, 1537, which determined the charge of a governor in Paraguay would be elected by the vote of the inhabitants.Arauco War (1546–until the end of the 17th century; and sporadically the 18th century) Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Chile Mapuche allies Mapuches, Pehuenches, Huilliches, Cuncos and other groupsStalemate
Spanish invasion of Araucanía permanently reversed around 1600. Failure of the Spanish evangelization strategy in Araucanía. Stabilization of frontiers, development of Mapuche–Spanish diplomacy and trade since the mid-17th century.Bandeirantes raids from Brazil (1557-18th century)
Expedition led by Antônio Raposo Tavares Expedition of Luís Pedroso de Barros Viceroyalty of Peru Maynas Government Charcas
Viceroyalty of New Granada (since 1717)
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (since 1777)
Paraguay
Jesuit missions Colonial Brazil Colonia del Sacramento BandeirantesStalemate
The Amazon forest is divided between Peru-Spain and Brazil-Portugal with the Treaty of Madrid (1750) and First Treaty of San Ildefonso.Calchaquí Wars (1560–1667)
2nd Calchaqui War Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Charcas Diaguita confederationVictory of the Spanish Empire
Spanish conquest of the Tucumán region Relocation of tens of thousands of people belonging to the Diaguita kingdoms in Pueblo de Indios.Spanish-Chiriguano War (1564-17th century) Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru CharcasAva Guaraní peopleVictory
Successful Spanish conquest of the Eastern Bolivian region. Establishment of Jesuit Missions of Moxos and Jesuit Missions of ChiquitosBayano Wars (1548–1582) Spanish EmpireBayanos of PanamaSpanish victorySpanish expeditions to Solomon and Vanuatu (1567–1606)
First Spanish expedition to Solomon Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of the PhilippinesHostile indigenous people of PolynesiaDefeat
Discovery of multiple islands between the Golfo de la Concepción and Golfo de la Candelaria (the sea between Peru and Tuvalu), such as the Solomon Islands archipelago and the Vanuatu archipelago. Possible Spanish discovery of Australia in their search of Terra Australis Ignota. Colonization attempts failed due to disease and bellicosity of the inhabitants, as well as war crimes by explorersColonial front of the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War (1568–1648)
Dutch piracy in Latin America Dutch expedition to Valdivia Battle of Carelmapu Castro combat Spanish Empire
European co-belligerent: Holy Roman Empire(1629, 1632, 1635)
Native overseas allies(from the 1600s)
Pro-Habsburg alliance pre-1635
Post-1635 Peace of PragueAnti-Habsburg alliance prior to 1635
Post-1635 Peace of PragueThe Peace of Münster and the Peace of Westphalia
Spain recognises Dutch independence France annexes the Décapole, and Sundgau Sweden gains Wismar, Wollin, Western Pomerania, and Bremen-Verden Brandenburg-Prussia obtains Eastern PomeraniaCastilian War (1578)
Part of Ottoman-Habsburg Wars on Southeast Asia and Spanish-Moro Wars Spanish Empire
Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico and Peru
Bruneians who defected to Spain Bruneian Empire
Sultanate of Sulu
Maguindanao
Supported by:
Turks, Egyptians, Swahilis, Somalis, Sindhis, Gujaratis, and Malabars forces
Sultanate of AcehStatus quo ante bellum
Bruneian military victory to seize its independence from Spanish Empire. Becoming a city-state until today. Spanish tactical Victory in ending Bruneian empire at sea and its influence on PhilippinesExpedition of Juan Jufré and Juan Fernández to Polynesia and New Zealand (1575–1576) Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru ChileHostile indigenous people of PolynesiaStalemate
The expedition possibly reached New Zealand and Tahiti, but there wasn't any conquest.Expeditions to Chile hostile to Spain (1578–1741) Viceroyalty of Peru
Chile European Pirates Supported by:Stalemate
Mostly repressedAnglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Drake and Hawking expeditions Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation Spanish Empire
Spanish Netherlands Crown of Castile New Spain Peru Crown of Portugal (1580–1640) State of Brazil Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia
Duchy of Parma
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Duchy of Savoy
Duchy of Castro
Order of Saint John
co-belligerent
French rebels Irish rebels Corsairs Ireland
co-belligerent
Portuguese rebels
France HuguenotsIndecisive, Status quo ante bellum Near Lima, Drake captured a Spanish ship with 25,000 pesos of Peruvian gold. Expulsion of the English from Spanish America and end of English interruption to Spanish transatlantic transportation and colonial expansion. The English privateers now find their needs in the service of the Dutch. England obtains the Colony of Newfoundland and Bermuda, beginning the English colonial Empire. Treaty of LondonAntarctic Expedition of the Armada del Mar del Sur to the South Seas and Terra Australis (1603) Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Dutch corsairInconclusive
First western sightings of Antarctica Peruvian presence on Antarctica.Spanish campaigns in Lanao (1637–1639) Spanish occupation of Jolo Spanish Empire New Spain Philippines Peru"SECOND BOOK OF THE SECOND PART OF THE CONQUESTS OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND CHRONICLE OF THE RELIGIOUS OF OUR FATHER, ST. AUGUSTINE" (Zamboanga City History) "He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom." Panama
Supported by: Confederate States of Lanao
Supported by:
Dutch EmpireStalemate
Failure of the conquest and Christianize the Maranao people Truce is reached to stop Muslim raids against Zamboanga and Chavacano people. Fort Pilar is seizured.Battle of Mbororé (1641)
part of Portuguese Restoration War and Portuguese conquest of the Eastern Missions Viceroyalty of Peru Paraguay Governorate of Rio de la Plata Jesuit missions among the Guaraní Indian auxiliaries Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes Paulistas Tupi peopleVictory
Portuguese raids stop Guarani people are excluded from forced labour The jesuits gain more autonomy regarding the administration of their missions2nd Communero Rebellion of Paraguay (1649–1650) Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Paraguay (loyal to Sebastián de León y Zárate) Jesuit Province of Paraguay Indian auxiliaries (Guaraní) Governorate of Paraguay (loyal to Bernardino de Cárdenas)
Cabildo of Asunción Mestizo and Criollos Encomenderos rebels (comuneros)Royalist victory
An army of 700 Indian missionaries, led by León and Zárate, occupy Asunción and imprison Cárdenas. He is then exiled from Paraguay and sent to Charcas in Upper Peru for a Trial of residence for his actions without royal permission. The institutions and properties, illegitimately usurped from the Jesuits and indigenous people, are returned to them by order of the King's Representative.Mapuche uprising of 1655 (1655) Viceroyalty of Peru Chile Indian auxiliaries Mapuches Cuncos PehuenchesDefeat
The lands between the Bío Bío and Maule rivers are economically devastated and the Spanish abandon Boroa. The looting raids, led by Mestizo Alejo and other indigenous leaders, continue. Large number of freed Mapuche slaves. The Governor of Chile, Francisco Antonio de Acuña Cabrera y Bayona, is deposed twice and there is the possibility of civil war.Chepo expedition (1679) New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Viceroyalty of Peru New Granada Chile European Pirates (English and Spaniards renegades)Initial victory for the pirates
They continue their actions on both coasts of Central America, while looting and then burning of the town of Chepo, Panama (part of Peru as Real Audiencia of Panama).
Peruvian royal victory in Battle of San Marcos de Arica
Execution of the pirates, with the exception of Bartolomé Sharp, who manages to return to England and is acquitted.Luso-Brazilian raids against the Maynas government (1680–XVIII Century) Viceroyalty of Peru Jesuit missions in the Amazonia Indian auxiliaries (Omaguas, Ansuares, Yurimaguas, Aisuaris) Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes