The members of the Delian League/Athenian Empire (c. 478–404 BC) can be categorized into two groups: the allied states (symmachoi) reported in the stone tablets of the Athenian tribute lists (454–409 BC), who contributed the symmachikos phoros ("allied tax") in money, and further allies, reported either in epigraphy or historiography, whose contribution consisted of ships, wood, grain, and military assistance; proper and occasional members, subject members and genuine allies.
Analysis The study of the symmachikos phoros provides the following insights: The amount of tax paid by each state is written in Attic numerals. One-sixtieth is dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of the city.Empire of the owl: Athenian imperial finance By Loren J. Samons Page 36 (2000) The membership is not limited to Ionians or Greek city-states (see Ialysus, Mysians, Eteocarpathians and the Carians whom Tymnes rules). Allied states of Western Greece are not categorized under a fiscal district the Thracian, Hellespontine, Insular, Carian and Ionian phoros of the eastern states; somehow comparable districts to the former Achaemenid satrapies of Skudra, Hellespontine Phrygia, the Yaunâ on this side of the sea, Karka, and the Yaûna across the sea. The categorization of members under these fiscal districts appeared first in the list of 443/2 BC.Ancient Greece: Social & Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Socrates Page 274 by Matthew Dillon (2000) After 438 BC, the Carian phoros became part of the Ionian district and after c. 425 BC a new Aktaios phoros, comprising the coastal Troad, was created out of the Hellespontine district. During the Sicilian Expedition a fragmentary list suggests that the Athenian state had created a Magna Graecian district. The following names are readable: Naxians, Catanians, Sicels, Rhegians.IG I³ 291 Attica c.415 BCThe concept of neutrality in classical Greece By Robert A. Bauslaugh Page 147 (1991) The only references until now on the Pontic phoros are the list of 425/4 BCIG I³ 71 line 170 and 410/09 BC.
Paradoxically, although the modern current term for the alliance is "Delian League", inscriptions have not yet been found on the island related to the League, and the information about the transfer of the treasure comes from the chronologization of the first Attic tribute list in 454 BC and not by Thucydides,Thucydides: narrative and explanation By Tim Rood Page 233 (1998) who just informs about the treasure and the center of the Athenian power/alliance being on Delos (Thuc. I.96.97). The first inscription which records the Athenians and allies comes from Delphi, dating to c. 475 BC,IG I³ 1465 Phokis — Delphi — stoich. — c.475 BC — is fragmentary, and the names of the allies are not readable or not mentioned. There is an epigraphical gap between 475 and 454 BC, although the phrase Athenians and allies is always present in historiography (Thuc. 1. 109, campaign in Egypt).
The exact location of several inscribed cities is still debated. Athenian cleruchies and colonies like Amphipolis are considered part of the Athenian state and not members of the League.
Fiscal districts (443-409 BC)
Insular phoros Nesiotikos phoros ()
Aegina
Euboea Athenae Diades Carystus Chalcis Diakrioi in Chalcis Eretria Poseideion Styra
Cyclades
Anaphe Andros Belbina Melos Naxos Ios Keos Keria Keros? Kimolos Kythnos Mykonos Paros Pholegandros Rineia Seriphos Sifnos Sikinos Syros Tenos Thera
North Aegean Hephaestia, Lemnos Imbros Myrina, Lemnos
Unknown region
Grynches
Ionian phoros Ionikos phoros () Astyrenoi Mysoi in 444/443 and 438/437
Islands Amorgioi on Amorgos Chios 425/4 BC (before the fiscal districts in 454/3, 448/7 and 447/6) Nisyrioi on Nisyros Oinaioi of Oine on Icaria Thermaioi of Thermai on Icaria
Aeolis Cyme Myrina Pitane
Ionia
Clazomenae Colophon Ephesus Erythrae Kyrbissos Lebedus Maiandrioi Miletus Pygeles Myesos or Myessos Notion Phocaea Polichnitai Priene Teos
Unknown region (of Ionian or Carian phoros)
Airaies Amynandes Bolbae Boutheia Chalkeatai Cheronnesioi Diosiritai Edries Messes Erines Gargares Heraioi Hiera para Sidymeas Hyblisses Idymes Isindioi Karbasyandes Karyes para Idyma (city) Kasolabes Klaundes Killares, whom [...] rules Kindyes, whom [...] rules Kodapes Koioi Krosa or Crusa Kyromes Lepsimandes Marathesioi Oranietai Pactyes Idymeus ruler Pasandes Pladases Pteleosioi Sidosioi Taramptos Tarbanes Teichiossa
Carian phoros Karikos phoros ()
Caria and Doris
Alinda Amynandeis Auliatai Carians Carians, whom Tymnes rules Caryanda Chalketores Halicarnassus Kaunians Kedriatai Knidos Kryes Latmus Myndus Myndus in Termera Pedassus Sambaktys Carian ruler Syagella, which Pikres in Attic (Carian Pigres) rules Termeres
Dodecanese
Astypalaia Brykountioi of Karpathos Eteocarpathians Ialysos Kalyndos or Kalynda (Kalymnos) Kameiros Leros Lindos Pedies, Lindos Sarioi Syme Telos
Lycia Kyllandios Phaselis Telandros Telmessos Tymnessus
Lycaonia Milyae tribe
Pamphylia Aspendos Perga Sillyon
Cilicia Ityra Kelenderis
Thracian phoros Thrakios phoros ()
Pieria Heraclion Methone
Mygdonia Aeneia Bormiscus Dicaea Kalindoia
Chalcidice
Acanthus (Athos) Aphytis Dion (Athos) Gale Mekyberna Mende Neapolis. colony of the Mendaeans Olophyxus Olynthus Phegetioi, exact location in Chalcidice unknown Polichnitai, near Stolos Potidaea Sane Scione Sermylia Spartolos Stolos Strepsa Torone Tragilus
East Macedonia Argilus BergaioiIf citizens of Berge, it suggests that it became Athenian colony after 429/8 BC, the last report of Bergaioi in the lists Neapolis Thasos
Thrace proper Abdera Aenus Methone Samothrace
Sporades Ikos city on Alonissos island Peparethos Skiathos
Unknown region
Asseritai Chedrolioi Haisa Galaia Kossaioi Miltorioi Othorioi Pharbelioi Pieres at Pergamon Pergamoteichitai Sermaies Singeion Skablaioi Smilla Gigonos Thyssioi Tinda
Hellespontine phoros Hellespontios phoros ()
Islands Bysbikos modern İmralıAn inventory of archaic and classical poleis By Mogens Herman Hansen, Thomas Heine Nielsen Page 978ISBN 0-19-814099-1 (2004) Proconnesus Tenedos
Thrace Bisanthe Byzantium Didymoteichitai Perinthus Selymbra Tyrodiza
Thracian Chersonese Abydos Alopeconnesus Elaeus Kallipolis Sestus
Asia Minor
Artake Astyra Troika Berysioi of the city Birytis Cyzicus Chalcedon Dardaneis Dareion (Mysia) Daskyleion Lampsacus Madytus Mysians Parianoi, citizens of ParionNot to be confused with Paros island, which is listed under the ethnic Parioi in the Insular phoros Priapos Pythopolis Sigeion Zeleia
Unknown region
Arisbaioi Artaioteichitai Azeies Brylleianoi Daunioteichitai Gentinioi Halonesioi Harpagianoi Kebrenioi (Kebrene, in Troad region) Kianoi Kolones Lamponeies Limnaioi Metropolis (Anatolia) ? Neandreies Neapolis (in Western-Macedonia prefecture)? Otlenoi Paisenoi Palaiperkosioi Perkosioi of the city Perkote Serioteichitai Skapsioi Sombia Teria para Brylleion
Aktaiai Poleis The cities of the Aktaios phoros (), the coastal Troad, separated from the Hellespontine district in 427 BC following the Mytilenaean revolt and first appearing in the tribute lists of 425/4 BC.
Achilleion Hamaxitus Antandros Kolonai Larisa Nesos Ophryneion Palamedeion Rhoiteion Pordoselene Petra Thymbra
Pontic phoros (Black Sea) Pontikos phoros ()
Apollonia Pontice Thrace Dandakes Heraclea Bithynia Karkinitis (Kerkinitis Crimea) Karosa Kerasus Kimmeria (Kimmerikon Crimea) Mesembria Nikonia on Tyras River (now Dniester) Niphsa Nymphaion (Crimea) 410/9 BC Olbia Patrasys Tamyrake Tyras by Dniester
Other allies
Aegean
Mytilene Rhodes Samos
Cyprus Evagoras I king c.410 BC
Egypt
Inaros rebel c.460 BC
Ionian Islands
Corcyra (source Thucydides Kerkyraika) Zacynthus Cephallenia Leucas
West central Greece
Acarnanians Locrians
Macedonia
Perdiccas II of Macedon, Antiochos of Orestis, Arrhabaios of Lynkestis (kings, symmachoi) 417-413 BC?Attica IG I³ 89 Archelaus I of Macedon Archelas supplies wood to Athens and takes the titles of proxenos and euergetes 407/6 BCIG I³ 117
Magna Graecia
Catana (See also Sicilian Expedition) Elymians and Segesta 433/2 BCIG I³ 12 Leontini 433/2IG I³ 54 Rhegium c.433/2 BCAttica IG I³ 53
Peloponnese
Argives, Mantineians and Eleans 420 BCAttica IG I³ 83
References
Notes
Primary sources History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides Attic tribute lists in Old Attic Greek IG I³ 259 to IG I³ 291 (454 -415 BC).
IG I³ 259 454/3 BC, IG I³ 269 443/2 BC, IG I³ 270 442/1 BC, IG I³ 271 441/0 BC, IG I³ 272 440/39 BC, IG I³ 273 439/8 BC, IG I³ 277 435/4 BC, IG I³ 279 433/2 BC, IG I³ 282 429/8 BC, IG I³ 71 425/4 BC, IG I³ 270 422/1 BC, IG I³ 100 410/09 BC.
Secondary sources The Athenian Tribute Lists by Benjamin D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery, Malcolm F. McGregor (1939-1953) The Athenian Empire Restored: Epigraphic and Historical Studies by Harold B Mattingly, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, The power of money: coinage and politics in the Athenian Empire by Thomas J. Figueira Epigraphic geography: the tribute quota fragments assigned to 421/0-415/4 B.C by Lisa Kallet Charles F. Edson, Notes of the Thracian phoros, CP 42 (1947) Thrace by Anna Avramea, Greece. Genikē Grammateia Periphereias Anat. Makedonias-Thrakēs Page 107 (1994) Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (Oxford University Press, 2004: ) G. Pisani, Le liste dei tributi degli alleati di Atene (V sec. a.C.), Padova 1974, pp. 1–91 (www.academia.edu/30695318/Le_liste_dei_tributi_degli_alleati_di_Atene_V_sec._a.C._)