List of creations of cardinals

List of the promotions of the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Dates of the consistories are known or possible to establish only from the pontificate of Pope Gelasius II (1118–1119).Cfr. Hüls, p. 84-87 Information concerning the number and names of the cardinals created before this pontificate are certainly incomplete.Cfr. Klewitz, p. 99. For the later period, the available data are probably complete, but, for some pontificates (particularly in the 12th century), it is impossible to establish the exact number of promotions, because in some cases there are doubts whether the promotion really took place, and in some others it is not possible to ascertain whether the records describe two separate individuals or one individual who held two cardinal titles during his lifetime.

The numbers in the list do not include the cardinals created whose names were never published, those who declined the appointment, and those who died before their announced promotion took place.

Until 1099 PeriodListNumber of cardinals createduntil 7th centuryArticle8th centuryArticle9th centuryArticle904–985Article48985–1049Article921049–1073Article441073–1099Article

From 1099 PopePontificateListNumber of consistoriesNumber of cardinalsPaschal II1099–1118Article1592Gelasius II1118–1119Article11Callixtus II1119–1124Article835Honorius II1124–1130Article627Innocent II1130–1143Article1276Antipope Anacletus II1130–1138Article?14 to 17Celestine II1143–1144Article19Lucius II1144–1145Article211Eugene III1145–1153Article916Anastasius IV1153–1154—00Adrian IV1154–1159Article323Alexander III1159–1181Article1568Antipope Victor IV1159–1164Article?10 to 13Antipope Paschal III1164–1168Article?9Antipope Callixtus III1168–1178Article?7Lucius III1181–1185Article415Urban III1185–1187—00Gregory VIII1187—00Clement III1187–1191Article624 to 26Celestine III1191–1198Article15Innocent III1198–1216Article9 or 1030 to 32Honorius III1216–1227Article56Gregory IX1227–1241Article410Celestine IV1241—00Innocent IV1243–1254Article2 or 315 or 16Alexander IV1254–1261Article0 or 10 or 1Urban IV1261–1264Article214Clement IV1265–1268—00Gregory X1271–1276Article15Innocent V1276—00Adrian V1276—00John XXI1276–1277—00Nicholas III1277–1280Article19Martin IV1281–1285Article17Honorius IV1285–1287Article11Nicholas IV1288–1292Article16Celestine V1294Article213Boniface VIII1294–1303Article515Benedict XI1303–1304Article22Clement V1305–1314Article324John XXII1316–1334Article628Antipope Nicholas V1328–1330Article49Benedict XII1334–1342Article16Clement VI1342–1352Article425Innocent VI1352–1362Article315Urban V1362–1370Article413Gregory XI1370–1378Article221Urban VI1378–1389Article442Antipope Clement VII1378–1394Article1133Boniface IX1389–1404Article26Antipope Benedict XIII1394–1422Article719Innocent VII1404–1406Article111Gregory XII1406–1415Article212Antipope Alexander V1409–1410Article415Antipope John XXIII1410–1415Article415Martin V1417–1431Article417Eugene IV1431–1447Article627Antipope Felix V1439–1449Article414Nicholas V1447–1455Article3 (or 4)Number depends on whether to consider as proper promotions the recognition of three promotions made by Antipope Felix V.8 (or 11)Callixtus III1455–1458Article29Pius II1458–1464Article212Paul II1464–1471Article210Sixtus IV1471–1484Article834Innocent VIII1484–1492Article18Alexander VI1492–1503Article943Pius III1503—00Julius II1503–1513Article627Leo X1513–1521Article842Adrian VI1522–1523Article11Clement VII1523–1534Article1433Paul III1534–1549Article1271Julius III1550–1555Article420Marcellus II1555—00Paul IV1555–1559Article317Pius IV1559–1565Article446Pius V1566–1572Article321Gregory XIII1572–1585Article934Sixtus V1585–1590Article833Urban VII1590—00Gregory XIV1590–1591Article25Innocent IX1591Article12Clement VIII1592–1605Article653Leo XI1605—00Paul V1605–1621Article1060Gregory XV1621–1623Article411Urban VIII1623–1644Article874Innocent X1644–1655Article840Alexander VII1655–1667Article638Clement IX1667–1669Article312Clement X1670–1676Article620Innocent XI1676–1689Article243Alexander VIII1689–1691Article314Innocent XII1691–1700Article430Clement XI1700–1721Article1569Innocent XIII1721–1724Article23Benedict XIII1724–1730Article1229Clement XII1730–1740Article1535Benedict XIV1740–1758Article764Clement XIII1758–1769Article752Clement XIV1769–1774Article1217Pius VI1775–1799Article2373Pius VII1800–1823Article1999Leo XII1823–1829Article825Pius VIII1829–1830Article36Gregory XVI1831–1846Article2475Pius IX1846–1878Article23123Leo XIII1878–1903Article27147Pius X1903–1914Article750Benedict XV1914–1922Article532Pius XI1922–1939Article1776Pius XII1939–1958Article256John XXIII1958–1963Article552Paul VI1963–1978Article6143John Paul I1978—00John Paul II1978–2005Article9231Benedict XVI2005–2013Article590Francis2013–2025Article10163Leo XIV2025–00

See also

College of Cardinals

Notes

Bibliography

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