The is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro.

According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation, as of June 2009 the Hanzōmon Line is the sixth most crowded subway line in Tokyo, at its peak running at 173% capacity between Shibuya and Omotesandō stations.Metropolis, "Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07. Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.

The Hanzōmon Line's color on maps and station guides is purple, and stations carry the letter "Z" followed by a two-digit number.

Overview The line serves the wards of Shibuya, Minato, Chiyoda, Chūō, Kōtō, and Sumida. Despite being shorter in length than nearly all other Tokyo subway lines, the Hanzōmon Line operates some of the longest through services with private railways – namely Tōkyū Corporation and Tobu Railway. The line is connected to Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line at Shibuya Station to the south, and to the Tobu Skytree Line at to the north. Through trains operate between on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line and on the Tobu Skytree Line, onward to on the Tobu Isesaki Line and on the Tobu Nikko Line.Tobu Timetable, 16 March 2013, p.168-176 Through-service trains between Chūō-Rinkan and Minami-Kurihashi cover a total distance of in a single run – nearly six times the length of the Hanzōmon Line alone.

The Hanzōmon Line has direct interchanges with all other Tokyo Metro and Toei lines. It connects with the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line at five stations (the four stations between Shibuya and Nagatachō, as well as at Mitsukoshimae Station.

The line is named after the west gate of the Tokyo Imperial Palace, Hanzōmon (半蔵門), which in turn is named after 16th century samurai Hattori Hanzō, who was important to the founding of the shogunate which built the palace. The route name was selected through a public competition. Approximately 7,600 submissions were received, with "Hanzomon Line" ranking first and "Aoyama Line" second. "Shibuya Line," "Otemachi Line," and "Kudan Line" followed.

The name "Hanzomon Line" dates back to 1903, when a Tokyo tram line of the same name opened near the present-day Hanzomon Station.

History The Hanzōmon Line was first planned in 1968, along with the Chiyoda Line and Yūrakuchō Line, as a reliever line for the heavily congested Ginza Line. Its initial routing was from Futako-Tamagawa Station on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line to a new station in the Fukagawa district of Kōtō. In 1985, a second draft plan from the Ministry of Transportation moved the Hanzōmon Line's final terminus to Matsudo. During the planning stage, it was known as Line 11.

The opening of the Hanzōmon Line to Oshiage was significantly delayed from the original schedule for several reasons. These included NIMBYs from landowners along the route, as well as the collapse of Japan's bubble economy, which led to declining revenues for the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA). Between Hanzōmon Station and Kudanshita Station, a "" emerged. Residents organized the movement in protest over what they argued was inadequate public consultation regarding subway construction and concerns about environmental deterioration. Under this movement, many individuals jointly purchased tiny shares of land to complicate land acquisition for the project.

As a result, the TRTA applied for compulsory land expropriation under Japan's Land Expropriation Act. Even so, the land acquisition process took approximately ten years to complete. Construction began in 1972 and the majority of the line was expected to open in 1975. However, the TRTA did not have enough funds to build the line, which delayed its construction. On August 1, 1978, the first section of the Hanzōmon Line finally opened from Shibuya to Aoyama-itchōme, including through services with the Den-en-toshi Line. It was then extended to Nagatachō Station in September 1979. The line was initially operated mainly using Tokyu rolling stock, as the first TRTA 8000 series train did not enter service until 1981.

Hanzōmon Station opened in December 1982, and the full extension around the Imperial Palace, terminating at Mitsukoshi-mae, was not completed until January 1989. The line was then extended to Suitengu-mae in November 1990 and finally Oshiage in March 2003, the latter also enabling through service with the Tobu Skytree Line.

The line, station facilities, rolling stock, and related assets were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.

The Ministry of Transportation recommended in 2000 that the line be extended to its intended terminus in Matsudo by 2015. However, Tokyo Metro stated in its initial public offering that its construction operations would cease once the Fukutoshin Line is completed, which cast some doubt as to whether the Matsudo extension will actually be built.

Stations

All stations are located in Tokyo. All services stop at every station. No.StationJapaneseDistance (km)TransfersLocationBetweenstationsFrom Shibuya↑ Through-services to/from , , via ↑渋谷Shibuya is shared by both Tokyu Corporation and Tokyo Metro; Tokyu Corporation manages the station.-0.0Shibuya表参道1.31.3Minato青山一丁目1.42.7永田町1.44.1Chiyoda半蔵門1.05.1 九段下1.66.7神保町0.47.1大手町1.78.8三越前0.79.5Chūō水天宮前1.310.8清澄白河1.712.5 (E-14)Kōtō住吉1.914.4 (S-13)錦糸町1.015.4Sumida押上Oshiage is shared by both Tobu Railway and Tokyo Metro; Tokyo Metro manages the station.1.416.8↓ Through-services to/from: ↓ , via via via

Rolling stock Current All Hanzōmon Line rolling stock owned by Tokyo Metro are stored and maintained at Saginuma Depot (ja:鷺沼車両基地), located near Saginuma Station on the Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line.

Tokyo Metro 18000 series Tokyo Metro 08 series Tokyo Metro 8000 series Tokyu 2020 series Tokyu 5000 series Tobu 50000 series Tobu 50050 series

Former Tobu 30000 series Tokyu 2000 series Tokyu 8500 series Tokyu 8590 series

Notes

a. Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:

100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails. 150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper. 180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read. 200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines. 250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.

Bibliography

References

Works cited

External links Tokyo Metro website