Proplatyarthrus is an extinct genus of ground sloths of the family Megalonychidae, endemic to the Sarmiento Formation of the Chubut Province, Argentina.

Taxonomy Proplatyarthrus was named and a talus bone described by Florentino Ameghino in 1905.Ameghino, 1905, p.59 It was assigned to Megalonychidae by Carroll in 1988.R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1-698

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Further reading R. Hitz, M. Reguero, A. R. Wyss and J. J. Flynn. 2000. New interatheriines (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Paleogene of Central Chile and Southern Argentina. Fieldiana: Geology (New Series) 42:1-26