This is a list of treaties to which the United States has been a party or which have had direct relevance to U.S. history.
Pre-Revolutionary War treaties
Before the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the sovereign of the United Kingdom and the leaders of various North American colonies negotiated treaties that affected the territory of what would later become the United States. 1621 – Wampanoag Treaty 1638 – Treaty of Hartford 1646 – Treaty of 1646 1677 – Treaty of 1677Brought about by Bacon's Rebellion 1701 – Nanfan Treaty 1722 – Great Treaty of 1722The Great Treaty of 1722 Between the Five Nations, the Mahicans, and the Colonies of New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, University of Nebraska–Lincoln 1726 – Deed in Trust from Three of the Five Nations of Indians to the Chancellor, From the Original Roll In the Secretary of State's Office, Albany, N.Y. 1744 – Treaty of Lancaster 1752 – Treaty of Logstown 1754 – Treaty of Albany 1758 – Treaty of Easton 1760 – Treaty of Pittsburgh 1763 – Treaty of Paris 1768 – Treaty of Hard Labour 1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix 1770 – Treaty of Lochaber 1774 – Treaty of Camp Leona
U.S. international treaties
These are treaties that the United States has made with other sovereign international states. This is mostly to distinguish them from the next category. Under the treaty clause of the United States Constitution, treaties come into effect upon final ratification by the President of the United States, provided that a two–thirds majority of the United States Senate concurs.However, not all international agreements are considered to be treaties requiring Senate concurrence. This is explained somewhat in a letter from U.S. Ambassador Thomas C. Hubbard to Philippine Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago in connection with the RP-US Vishe other countries, derives from the President's responsibilities for the conduct of foreign relations (Art. II, Sec. 1) and his constitutional powers as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Senate advice and consent is not needed, inter alia, because the VFA and similar agreements neither change US domestic nor require congressional appropriation of funds. It is important to note that only about five percent of the international agreement entered into by the US Governments require Senate advice and consent.". The letter is quoted in full in Footnote 42 of
1776–1799 1776 – Model Treaty passed by the Continental Congress becomes the template for its future international treatiesMilestones: 1776–1783: The Model Treaty, 1776, Department of State, Office of the Historian, via archive.org 1776 – Treaty of Watertown – a military treaty between the newly formed United States and the St. John's and Mi'kmaq First Nations of Nova Scotia, two peoples of the Wabanaki Confederacy. 1778 – Treaty of Alliance – American Revolutionary War alliance with the Kingdom of France 1778 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce – with France 1778 – Treaty of Fort Pitt – with Lenapes (Delawares) 1782 – Treaty of Amity and CommerceThe history of The Netherlands Journals of the Continental Congress --THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 1783 – with Dutch Republic 1783 – Treaty of Amity and CommerceNeutrality – The eighteenth century "Following the end of the war, the United States signed treaties of amity and commerce with Sweden in 1783, Prussia in 1785, and Morocco in 1787." – with Sweden 1783 – Treaty of Paris – ended the American Revolutionary War 1785 – Treaty of Amity and CommerceTreaty between the King of Prussia and the United States of America – with Prussia 1786 – Treaty of Friendship – with Morocco 1794 – Treaty of Canandaigua (Pickering Treaty) – negotiated by Pickering for George Washington with Red Jacket, Cornplanter, Handsome Lake, and fifty other Iroquois leaders by which they were forced to cede much of their land to the United States. Britain had ceded all its claims to land in the colonies without consulting the Iroquois or other Native American allies.The Canandaigua Treaty of the 1794. Retrieved 2020-12-20. 1794 – Jay Treaty (Treaty of London) – attempts to settle post-Revolution disputes with Great Britain. Provided the British Army to evacuate the Northwest Territory and to provide most favored nation status between Britain and America in exchange for international arbitration of the U.S.-Canada border and wartime debts. Opposed by Jeffersonian Republicans. 1795 - Treaty of Friendship - with the Regency of Algiers 1795 – Treaty of Greenville – Ended the Northwest Indian War and opened most of Ohio to white settlement 1795 – Treaty with Tripoli 1795 – Pinckney's Treaty (Treaty of Madrid or Treaty of San Lorenzo) – defines boundaries of U.S. with Spanish Florida and Americans granted navigation rights of the Mississippi 1796 – Treaty with Tripoli – tribute payments to Tripoli to protect Americans from seizure and ransom 1797 – Treaty with Tunis – increases tribute payments to Tripoli
1800–1849 1800 – Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine) – Ends the Quasi War between France and the U.S. 1803 – Louisiana Purchase Treaty – Acquire Louisiana Territory from the French First Republic. 1805 – Treaty with TripoliTreaty of Peace and Amity, Signed at Tripoli June 4, 1805 – The Avalon Project at Yale – Secured release of Americans being held in Tripoli, proclaimed peace and amity, and ended the First Barbary War. 1814 – Treaty of Ghent – Ends the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Great Britain, returning the two countries to the status quo ante bellum. 1815 – Commercial treaty with Great Britain – Established free trade between the United States, England, and much of the British Empire (Ireland was among the areas excluded)Commercial treaty with England [microform] : Internet ArchiveTAC Program – United Kingdom Commerce and Navigation TreatyHertslet's Commercial Treaties, pages 386–391 1817 – Rush–Bagot Treaty – The United States and Great Britain agree to demilitarize the Great Lakes. 1818 – Treaty of 1818 – resolved boundary issues between U.S. and Great Britain and demilitarized the border. 1819 – Adams–Onís Treaty – purchase of Florida from the Spanish Empire and established the border with New Spain. 1824 – Russo-American Treaty – gave Russian claims on land off the Northwest Pacific coast of North America (north of the Oregon Country) 1824 – Anderson–Gual Treaty – between U.S. and Gran Colombia; first bilateral treaty with another American country 1827 - Swedish–American Treaty (1827) - between the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway and the United States 1828 – Treaty of Limits – between Mexico and the U.S.; confirms the boundary agreed to with Spain in the Adams–Onís Treaty. 1830 – Treaty with the Ottoman PortTreaty with the Ottoman Porte, p. 408. List of the Treaties between the United States and Foreign Nations [to 1845], U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875. Library of CongressMustafa Aydın, Çağrı Erhan and Gökhan Erdem, CHRONOLOGY OF TURKİSH-AMERİCAN RELATİONS, Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University Also see Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire 1831 – Franco-American Treaty of 1831 – France agreed to pay reparations of 25 million francs for damage to American shipping during the Napoleonic WarsJacksonian Foreign Relations; Whig Obstructionism in the French Crisis (ratified in 1835 under Victor de Broglie's government – see July Monarchy) 1833 – Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce – a commercial treaty between the Kingdom of Siam and the United States, first treaty with an East Asian nation 1833 – Treaty with MuscatTreaty of Amity and Commerce, p. 458. List of the Treaties between the United States and Foreign Nations [to 1845], U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875. Library of Congress 1835 – Treaty of New Echota – between U.S. government officials and representatives of a minority Cherokee political faction, the Treaty Party 1842 – Webster–Ashburton Treaty – ended the Aroostook War and settles boundary disputes between the U.S. and Canada 1844 - Tyler-Texas Treaty - Between the US and the Republic of Texas. Signed on April 12, 1844, was framed to induct Texas into the Union as a territory. 1844 – Treaty of Wanghia – between the U.S. and Qing Dynasty. Establishes five U.S. treaty ports in China with extraterritoriality. Imposes the first unequal treaty on the dynasty. 1846 – Mallarino–Bidlack Treaty with the Republic of New Granada (Colombia) 1846 – Oregon Treaty – brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country 1847 – Treaty of Cahuenga – ends the Mexican–American War in Alta California 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – fully ends the Mexican–American War; sets the Rio Grande as the boundary between Mexico and Texas and cedes much of northern Mexico to the United States. 1849 – Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation – Treaty between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States
1850–1899 1850 – Clayton–Bulwer Treaty – U.S. and United Kingdom agree not to colonize Central America 1851 – Treaty of Fort Laramie – with the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations 1851 – California Indian Reservations and Cessions – 18 lost treaties of California 1854 – Convention of Kanagawa – forcibly opens Japan to American trade 1855 – Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty – with Canada on trade and tariffs 1855 – Treaty of Detroit – U. S. and Ottawa and Chippewa Nations of Indians which severed the link between the two Native American groups for further treaty negotiations and prepared the way for allotment of tribal land to individuals. 1856 – American–Siamese Treaty of Amity and Commerce – granted extraterritorial rights and low import duty for the Americans in Siam. 1858 – Treaty of Amity and Commerce, also known as Harris Treaty – forces the opening of treaty ports on Japan 1858 – Treaty of Tientsin – with China after the Second Opium War; established peace, amity, and commerce 1862 – Treaty of Commerce and Navigation – with Ottoman Empire 1864 – First Geneva Convention – established rules for the treatment of battlefield casualties and sick and wounded combatants 1867 – Alaska Purchase – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia 1868 – Burlingame Treaty – with China; established improved relations 1868 – Naturalization Convention – with North German Confederation; first recognition by a European power of the legal right of its subjects to become American citizens 1868 – Naturalization Convention – with Belgium 1868 – Treaty of Bosque Redondo – with the Navajo ending the Navajo Wars 1868 – Treaty of Fort Laramie – with the Sioux and Arapaho ending Red Cloud's War. 1869 – Naturalization Convention – with Sweden and Norway. 1870 – Naturalization Convention – with United Kingdom 1871 – Treaty of Washington – settles grievances between the U.S. and Canada including the Alabama Claims 1872 – Naturalization Convention – with Denmark 1883 – Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property – intellectual property systems, including patents, of any contracting state become accessible to the nationals of other states party to the Convention 1886 – Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (ratified by U.S. in 1989) 1898 – Sixth Treaty of Paris – ends the Spanish–American War 1899 – Hague Conventions – one of the first formal statements of the laws of war
1900–1949 1900 – Treaty between Spain and the United States for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines. Concluded November 7, 1900; ratification advised by Senate January 22, 1901 .. ratified by the President January 30, 1901; ratifications exchanged March 23, 1901; proclaimed March 23, 1901. 1901 – Hay–Pauncefote Treaty – nullified Clayton–Bulwer Treaty in exchange for free access to build a canal across Central America