Queen Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Empire from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. At the start of her reign, responsible government outside of the United Kingdom itself was unknown, but starting in the 1840s this would change.

During her reign Victoria was served by well over 33 prime ministers: 15 from New Zealand, 10 from the United Kingdom, 7 from the Dominion of Canada, and 1 from Australia.

Australia +Commonwealth of Australia Portrait Name(Birth–Death) Term of officeElectoral mandates Party Ministry The Right HonourableSir Edmund BartonGCMG MP KC(1849–1920) 1 January1901 24 September1903 Protectionist Barton 1901

Canada Pre-Confederation

New Brunswick Premiers of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867) 1st Charles Fisher(1st time of 2) 1 November 1854May 1856 16th Elected June 1854 2nd John Hamilton Gray 21 June 1856June 1857 17th Elected 24 June 1856 — Charles Fisher(2nd time of 2) 1 June 185719 March 1861 18th Elected 8 May 1857Resigned 19 March 1861 3rd Samuel Leonard Tilley 19 March 1861March 1865 Designated 19 March 1861 19thElected 6 June 1861 4th Albert James Smith(Anti-Confederation, unofficially) 21 September 186514 April 1866 20th Elected 24 June 1865Resigned 14 April 18665th Peter Mitchell(Confederation Party, unofficially) 14 April 1866August 1867 Designated 14 April 1866 21st...Elected May 1866Resigned August 1867

Newfoundland

Premiers of the Colony of Newfoundland (1854–1901)1stPhilip Francis Little7 May 185516 July 1858 6th2ndJohn Kent 16 July 1858 March 1861 6th7th3rdSir Hugh Hoyles March 1861 4 March 1865 7th8th4thSir Frederick Carter 1 April 1865 14 February 1870 8th9th5thCharles Fox Bennett 14 February 1870 30 January 1874 10th11th(4th)Sir Frederick Carter 31 January 1874 April 1878 11th12th6thSir William Whiteway April 1878 12 October 1885 12th13th14th7thSir Robert Thorburn 12 October 1885 December 1889 15th(6th)Sir William Whiteway December 1889 April 1894 16th17th8thAugustus F. Goodridge April 1894 12 December 1894 17th9thDaniel Joseph Greene December 1894 1895 17th(6th)Sir William Whiteway 1895 1897 17th10thSir James Spearman Winter 1897 15 March 1900 18th11thSir Robert Bond 15 March 1900 22 January 1901 18th

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia became the very first colony to have permanent responsible government in the history of the British Empire.

+Premiers of the Colony of Nova Scotia (1848–1867) Premier(party) Period Assembly Length of tenure 1st James Boyle Uniacke(Liberal) 3 April 185418thBefore Nova Scotia had its own system of responsible government, 17 assemblies had already existed.19th 2nd William Young(Liberal)(1st of 2 non-consecutive terms) 20 February 1857 20th 3rd James William Johnston(Conservative)(1st of 2 non-consecutive terms) 7 February 1860 22ndThere was no 21st Assembly. Due to an error made in 1860, the 21st Assembly was referred to as the 22nd, and this mistake has been perpetuated in the numbering of future assemblies. — William Young(Liberal)(2nd of 2 non-consecutive terms) 3 August 1860 4th Joseph Howe(Liberal) 5 June 1863 — James William Johnston(Conservative)(2nd of 2 non-consecutive terms) 11 May 1864 23rd 5th Charles Tupper(Confederation Party) 3 July 1867

Became part of Canada in 1867

Prince Edward Island Colony of Prince Edward Island (1851–1873) 1st George Coles(Liberal)(1st time of 3) 24 April 18511854 ... Designated 24 April 1851 2nd John Holl(Conservative) 18541855 19th20th... Elected 1854Re-elected 1854Resigned 1855 — George Coles(Liberal)(2nd time of 3) 18551859 ... Designated 1855 3rd Edward Palmer(Conservative) 18591863 21st Elected 1859 4th John Hamilton Gray(Conservative) 18631865 22nd... Elected 1863Resigned 1865 5th James Colledge Pope(Conservative)(1st time of 2) 18651867 ... Designated 1865 — George Coles(Liberal)(3rd time of 3) 18671869 23rd24th... Elected 1867Re-elected 1867Resigned 1869 6th Joseph Hensley(Liberal) 18691869 ...... Designated 1869Resigned 1869 7th Robert Poore Haythorne(Liberal)(1st time of 2) 18691870 ...... Designated 1869Resigned 1870 — James Colledge Pope(Conservative)(2nd time of 2) 18701872 ...25th... Designated 1870Re-elected 1871 to a coalitionResigned 1872 — Robert Poore Haythorne(Liberal)(2nd time of 2) 1872April 1873 ... Designated 1872 to a coalition

Became part of Canada in 1873

Post-Confederation 1867-1901 +Canada Portrait Name(Birth–Death) Term of officeElectoral mandates Party Ministry John A. Macdonald(1815–1891) 1 July1867 5 November1873 Liberal-Conservative 1st 1867 · 1872 Alexander Mackenzie(1822–1892) 7 November1873 8 October1878 Liberal 2nd 1874 John A. Macdonald(1815–1891) 17 October1878 6 June1891 Liberal-Conservative 3rd 1878 · 1882 · 1887 · 1891 John Abbott(1821–1893) 16 June1891 24 November1892 Liberal-Conservative 4th John Thompson(1845–1894) 5 December1892 12 December1894 Liberal-Conservative 5th Mackenzie Bowell(1823–1917) 21 December1894 27 April1896 Conservative(historical) 6th Charles Tupper(1821–1915) 1 May1896 8 July1896 Conservative(historical) 7th Wilfrid Laurier(1841–1919) 11 July1896 6 October1911 Liberal 8th 1896 · 1900 · 1904 · 1908

Cape Colony +Colony of the Cape of Good Hope No. Portrait Name Term of office Party 1 Sir John Charles Molteno 1 December1872 5 February1878 Independent 2 Sir John Gordon Sprigg 6 February1878 8 May1881 Independent 3 Thomas Charles Scanlen 9 May1881 12 May1884 Independent 4 Thomas Upington 13 May1884 24 November1886 Independent — Sir John Gordon Sprigg 25 November1886 16 July1890 Independent 5 Cecil John Rhodes 17 July1890 12 January1896 Independent — Sir John Gordon Sprigg 13 January1896 13 October1898 Independent 6 William Schreiner 13 October1898 17 June1900 Independent — Sir John Gordon Sprigg 18 June1900 21 February1904 Progressive

New Zealand From 1856 until 1869 the office now referred to as prime minister of New Zealand was called colonial secretary and from 1869 until 1907 was called premier of New Zealand.

Henry Sewell 7 May 1856 – 20 May 1856 William Fox 20 May 1856–2 June 185612 July 1861–6 August 186228 June 1869–10 September 18723 March 1873 – 8 April 1873 Edward Stafford 2 June 1856–12 July 186116 October 1865–28 June 186910 September 1872 – 11 October 1872 Alfred Domett 6 August 1862 – 30 October 1863 Frederick Whitaker 30 October 1863 – 24 November 1864 Frederick Weld 24 November 1864–16 October 186521 April 1882 – 25 September 1883 George Waterhouse 11 October 1872 – 3 March 1873 Julius Vogel 8 April 1873–6 July 187515 February 1876 – 1 September 1876 Daniel Pollen 6 July 1875 – 15 February 1876 Harry Atkinson 1 September 1876–13 October 187725 September 1883–16 August 188428 August 1884–3 September 18848 October 1887 – 24 January 1891 George Grey 13 October 1877 – 8 October 1879 John Hall 8 October 1879 – 21 April 1882 Robert Stout 16 August 1884–28 August 18843 September 1884 – 8 October 1887 John Ballance 24 January 1891 – 27 April 1893 Richard Seddon 27 April 1893 – 22 January 1901

United Kingdom William LambThe Viscount Melbourne 20 June 1837 – 30 August 1841Sir Robert Peel 30 August 1841 – 29 June 1846Lord John Russell 30 June 1846 – 21 February 185229 October 1865 – 26 June 1866Edward Smith-StanleyThe Earl of Derby 23 February 1852 – 17 December 185220 February 1858 – 11 June 185928 June 1866 – 25 February 1868George Hamilton-GordonThe Earl of Aberdeen 19 December 1852 – 30 January 1855Henry John TempleThe Viscount Palmerston 6 February 1855 – 19 February 185812 June 1859 – 18 October 1865Benjamin Disraeli 27 February 1868 – 1 December 186820 February 1874 – 21 April 1880William Ewart Gladstone 3 December 1868 – 17 February 187423 April 1880 – 9 June 18851 February 1886 – 20 July 188615 August 1892 – 2 March 1894Robert Gascoyne-CecilThe Marquess of Salisbury 23 June 1885 – 28 January 188625 July 1886 – 11 August 189225 June 1895 – 22 January 1901 Archibald PrimroseThe Earl of Rosebery 5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895

See also British Empire Constitutional monarchy Dominion

References