The 1996–97 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the most active and longest South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons on record, with 12 tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season officially ran from November 1, 1996 - April 30, 1997, however, the season ended later than normal with three systems monitored after the official end of the season. The strongest tropical cyclone of the season was Cyclone Gavin which had a minimum pressure of . After the season had ended 4 tropical cyclone names were retired from the naming lists, after the cyclones had caused significant impacts to South Pacific islands.
During the season, tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) in Nadi, Fiji and the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers in Brisbane, Australia and Wellington, New Zealand. The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (NPMOC), also monitored the basin and issued unofficial warnings for American interests. During the season RSMC Nadi issued warnings and assigned names to any tropical cyclones that developed between the Equator and 25°S while TCWC Wellington issued warnings for any that were located to the south of 25°S. The JTWC issued warnings for American interests on any significant tropical cyclone that was located between 160°E and the 180° while the NPMOC issued warnings for tropical cyclones forming between 180° and the American coast. RSMC Nadi and TCWC Wellington measure sustained windspeeds over a 10-minute and used the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, while the JTWC and the NPMOC measured sustained windspeeds over a 1-minute period which are compared to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS).
Season summary
Ahead of the cyclone season starting on November 1, 1996, the weak to moderate La Nina episode that had caused tropical cyclone activity, to be generally confined to the Coral Sea during the previous season persisted. However, during the season the La Nina episode started to break down, with signs emerging that the El Nino Episode of 1997-98 was starting to develop. These signs included tropical cyclones occurring to the east of 165°E and the South Pacific Convergence Zone becoming more active. The season officially featured a total of eleven tropical cyclones occurring in RSMC Nadi's area of responsibility to the north of 25S, while one developed in TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility and could not be named. An additional system was monitored by the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center, which was an unofficial warning centre for the region, along with the Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center during the season.
Significant tropical cyclones during the season included Fergus and Drena, which both impacted the island nations of Vanuatu, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Severe Tropical Cyclone Gavin was the strongest tropical cyclone and impacted the island nations of Tuvalu, Fiji, New Zealand, Wallis and Futuna. Severe Tropical Cyclone Hina subsequently became the worst tropical cyclone to affect the South Pacific island nation of Tonga since Cyclone Isaac in 1982. Three tropical cyclones developed after the season ended on April 30, including Severe Tropical Cyclone Keli which became the first recorded post-season tropical cyclone to form in June within the South Pacific Ocean. The names Drena, Fergus, Gavin, Hina and Keli were subsequently retired, by the World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee.
Systems Tropical Cyclone Cyril
On November 20, a complex area of low pressure formed within a convergence zone about to the northeast of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
The storm produced heavy rains and high winds over New Caledonia before dissipating.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Fergus
Fergus was a Category 2 storm that formed in the Pacific Ocean, lasting from 29 December to 31 December 1996 until becoming extratropical near New Zealand. The storm dropped heavy rainfall across an already saturated area, with totals of over 16.5 inches (425 mm) near Thames. The rainfall led to widespread flooding and forced many to evacuate. Severe road damage occurred, with some roads remaining closed for over a week. Gusty winds from Fergus downed trees and power lines, and caused property damage. Cyclone Fergus brought torrential rain and damaging winds to parts of the North Island of New Zealand. There was no loss of life, in part because of timely warnings about the ferocity of the storm. Damages from the storm were at least $2 million.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Drena
On January 8, the weakening Cyclone Drena brushed the island of New Caledonia with sustained winds up to 150 km/h (90 mph 10-minute winds). Heavy rains accompanied the storm, peaking at in Dzumac. La Foa also recorded of rain. Wind gusts reached 165 km/h (105 mph) in Koumac. Flooding from the storm caused a total loss of crops and the high winds knocked out power and communication to most of the island.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Evan
Severe Tropical Cyclone Evan formed on January 10 and dissipated on January 16. Evan stayed northeast of New Zealand for its entire lifetime. Sustained winds peaked at 120 km/h (75 mph).
Tropical Cyclone Freda
Tropical Cyclone Freda existed from January 19 to February 2.
Tropical Cyclone Harold
On February 19, Harold moved into the basin from the Australian region as a weakening Category 2 tropical cyclone,
The storm produced large swells along west-facing coasts of New Caledonia.
Tropical Cyclone 29P
On February 23, a depression formed near the Southern Cook Islands and gradually developed further over the next couple of days, as it moved south-westwards over the open seas. On February 25, the system moved into MetService's area of responsibility where it started to bear the hallmarks of a tropical cyclone and thus MetService discussed the possibility of naming the system with the FMS. At the time there was no precedent of a tropical cyclone being named in the South Pacific while located to the south of 25°S and nobody knew if MetService should take a name from the FMS list of names for the region or make one up. As a result, it was decided to treat the system as a depression operationally, before it was classified as an unnamed tropical cyclone in post-analysis. At around 15:00 UTC+12 (03:00 UTC) on February 26, visible satellite imagery showed that the system had developed a ragged eye, which suggested that the system was at or near hurricane strength. 3 hours later, the "Capitaine Tasman" encountered the system and recorded 10-minute sustained winds of near the centre, which made it a category 2 tropical cyclone on the Australian Scale. Later that day, the NPMOC initiated advisories on the system, designated it as Tropical Cyclone 29P and estimated peak 1-minute sustained windspeeds of .
Severe Tropical Cyclone Gavin
Damages from the storm in Fiji amounted to $27 million. Seven people were killed and 18 others were listed as missing due to Cyclone Gavin.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Hina
On March 11, the FMS started to monitor a shallow depression, that had developed along the monsoon trough near Rotuma. Over the next two days the depression remained near Rotuma with no preferred movement, as it started to develop further within favourable conditions for further development. During March 13, the JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 33P. During that day the system continued its northwards movement until it curved eastwards and later south-eastwards during March 14, before it passed about to the southeast of Niulakita the southernmost island of Tuvalu. Early on March 15, after the system had passed near Niulakita, the FMS reported that the depression had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Hina. After being named the system accelerated towards the south-southeast and an area of increasing vertical wind shear, as it passed near the west coast of Futuna Island. The system also crossed the 180th meridian during that day, which prompted the JTWC to pass the responsibility for warning the United States Government to the NPMOC.
Early on March 16, the FMS reported that based on satellite imagery and guidance from other meteorological centers, the system had 10-minute sustained wind speeds of as it passed over Southern Tonga. Hina subsequently passed over the islands of Tongatapu and Eua in southern Tonga at around 0830 UTC and took less than 2 hours to inflict considerable damage on the islands. The system subsequently emerged back into the South Pacific Ocean, with the FMS estimating that the system had storm force winds of about . Later that day the NPMOC estimated that Hina had peak 1-minute sustained windspeeds of as it rapidly moved below 25°S and out of the FMS's area of responsibility. After impacting Tonga the system moved rapidly towards the south-southeast and weakened below tropical cyclone intensity, before it was last noted on March 21, to the south of the Pitcairn Islands. During the systems post analysis it was determined that the warning centres had underestimated Hina's intensity as it passed over Tonga, after damage had been greater than expected in the island nation. the FMS subsequently deduced that Hina was a minimal category 3 severe tropical cyclone, with peak 10-minute sustained wind speeds of when it impacted Tonga. The NPMOC also revised their estimate of Hina's peak 1-minute sustained wind speeds from to during post analysis, which made the system equivalent to a category one hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.
Cyclone Hina caused widespread damage in Tonga, leaving roughly $14.5 million in damages. About 320 families were left homeless after the storm.
Tropical Cyclone Ian
On April 12, after analysing reports from various weather stations in the region, the FMS reported that a circulation had developed within a monsoon trough in the area between Rotuma and the Santa Cruz Islands. Over the next few days, the circulation developed into a tropical depression, as it moved southeastwards parallel to the islands of Vanuatu, under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure. During April 17, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 34P, before the FMS named it Ian after it had become a category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale.
Tropical Cyclone June