The territorial waters of Indonesia are defined according to the principles set out in Article 46 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Their boundary consists of straight lines ("baselines") linking 195 coordinate points located at the outer edge of the archipelago ("basepoints").Government of Indonesia (2008): Illustrative map of the geographical coordinates of the points of the Indonesian archipelagic baselines at United Nations website. Accessed on 2019-05-31.
Baselines legislation The current baselines were established by Government Regulation 38 of 2002Online version available here. which defined by 183 coordinate points as basepoints. The baselines were modified by Government Regulation No 37 of 2008Online version available online here. which changed as well as added basepoints to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan islands and the independence of East Timor. No additional points were established for the area around Sipadan and Ligitan where the baselines was redrawn, while 10 new basepoints were added for the baseline to run around East Timor. Adjustments with two additional points were also made for the southern Java coast.
History Indonesia's first piece of legislation pertaining to baselines and territorial waters was its Act No. 4 of 1960 which was decreed on 18 February 1960. The act established the country's baselines based on the "archipelago theory" which was not recognized by international law at that time. The baselines consisted of straight lines joining 201 basepoints at the edge of the archipelago.
In 1996, Indonesia enacted Law No 6 on the Indonesian Territorial Waters using the principles embodied in the UNCLOS 1982 which Indonesia ratified in 1985. The new law revoked the baselines established by the 1960 act and enabled a new set of baselines to be drawn up through the 2002 Government Regulation. Paper presented at the 5th ABLOS Conference 15–17 October 2008 in Monaco.
List of basepoints
South China Sea Point Latitude Longitude Remarks South China Sea 1 1° 14' 27" N 104° 34' 32" E Tanjung Berakit Bintan Island, Riau Islands province 2 1° 02' 52" N 104° 49' 50" E Sentut Island, Bintan, Riau Islands 3 2° 18' 00" N 105° 35' 47" E Tokong Malang Biru Island, Anambas, Riau Islands 4 2° 44' 29" N 105° 22' 46" E Damar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands 5 3° 05' 32"N 105° 35' 00" E Mangkai Island, Anambas, Riau Islands 6 3° 19' 52" N 105° 57' 04" E Tokong Nanas Island, Anambas, Riau Islands 7 3° 27' 04" N 106° 16' 08" E Tokong Belayar Island, Anambas, Riau Islands 8 4° 04' 01" N 107° 26' 09" E Tokong Boro Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 9 4° 31' 09" N 107° 43' 17" E Semiun Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 10 4° 42' 25" N 107° 54' 20" E Sebetul Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 11 4° 47' 38" N 108° 00' 39" E Sekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 12 4° 47' 45" N 108° 01' 19" E Sekatung Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 13 4° 00' 48" N 108° 25' 04" E Senua Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 14 3° 01' 51" N 108° 54' 52" E Subi Kecil Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 15 2° 38' 43" N 109° 10' 04" E Kepala Island, Natuna, Riau Islands 16 2° 05' 10" N 109° 38' 43" E Tanjung Datu, West Kalimantan; westernmost terminus of Indonesia-Malaysia land border
Celebes Sea, Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean Point Latitude Longitude Remarks Celebes (Sulawesi) Sea 17♦ 4° 10' 10" N 117° 54' 29" E Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency. East Kalimantan; Easternmost point of Indonesia-Malaysia land border 18♦ 4° 09' 58" N 117° 55' 44" E Sebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan 19♦ 4° 09' 34" N 117° 56' 27" E Sebatik Island, Nunukan, East Kalimantan 20♦ 4° 00' 38" N 118° 04' 58" E Karang Unarang, Nunukan, East Kalimantan 21 2° 15' 12" N 118° 38' 41" E Maratua Island, Berau, East Kalimantan 22 1° 46' 53" N 119° 02' 26" E Sambit Island, Berau, East Kalimantan 23 00° 59' 55" N 120° 12' 50" E Lingian Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi 24 1° 20' 16" N 120° 47' 31" E Salando Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi 25 1° 22' 40" N 120° 53' 04" E Dolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi 26 1° 22' 41" N 120° 53' 07" E Dolangan Island, Tolitoli, Central Sulawesi 27 1° 18' 48" N 121° 26' 36" E Tanjung Kramat, 28 1° 08' 17" N 122° 25' 47" E Karang Boliogut, 29 1° 02' 52" N 123° 06' 45" E Bangkit Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi 30 1° 09' 29" N 124° 20' 38" E Laimpangi, North Sulawesi 31 1° 45' 47" N 124° 43' 51" E Manterawu Island, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi 32 2° 44' 15" N 125° 09' 28" E Makalehi, Sangihe, North Sulawesi 33 4° 14' 06" N 125° 18' 59" E Kawalusu, Sangihe, North Sulawesi 34 4° 40' 16" N 125° 25' 41" E Kawio Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi 35 4° 44' 14" N 125° 28' 42" E Marore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi 36 4° 44' 25" N 125° 28' 56" E Marore Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi 37 4° 44' 46" N 125° 29' 24" E Batubawaikang Island, Sangihe, North Sulawesi Philippine Sea 38 5° 34' 02" N 126° 34' 54" E Miangas Island, Talaud Regency, North Sulawesi 39 5° 33' 57" N 126° 35' 29" E Miangas Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi 40 4° 46' 18" N 127° 08' 32" E Marampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi 41 4° 45' 39" N 127° 08' 44" E Marampit Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi 42 4° 38' 38" N 127° 09' 49" E Intata Island, Talaud, North Sulawesi 43 4° 37' 36" N 127° 09' 53" E Kakarutan Island, North Sulawesi Halmahera Sea 44 3° 45' 13" N 126° 51' 06" E Tampida Island 45 2° 38' 44" N 128° 34' 27" E Sopi Island 46 2° 25' 39" N 128° 41' 57" E Tanjung Gorua 47 1° 34' 44" N 128° 44' 14" E Tanjung Lelai 48 00° 43' 39" N 129° 08' 30" E Jiew Island, Central Halmahera, North Maluku Pacific Ocean 49 00° 32' 08" N 130° 43' 52" E Budd Island, Raja Ampat regency, West Papua province 50 1° 05' 20" N 131° 15' 35" E Fani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua 51 1° 04' 28" N 131° 16' 49" E Fani Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua 52 00° 20' 16" S 132° 09' 34" E Miossu Island, Sorong, West Papua 53 00° 20' 34" S 132° 25' 20" E Tanjung Yamursba, Papua 54 00° 21' 42" S 132° 43' 01" E Tanjung Wasio, Papua 55 00° 56' 22" N 134° 17' 44" E Fanildo Island, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua 56 00° 55' 57" 134° 20' 30" E Bras Island, Biak Numfor, Papua 57 00° 23' 38" S 135° 16' 27" E Bepondi Island, Supiori Regency, Papua 58 00° 41' 56" S 135° 51' 21" E Tanjung Wasanbari 59 01° 04' 13" S 136° 23' 14" E Tanjung Basari 60 01° 27' 23" S 137° 55' 51" E Tanjung Narwaku 61 01° 34' 26" S 138° 42' 57" E Liki Island, Sarmi Regency, Papua 62 2° 19' 12" S 140° 09' 07" E Tanjung Kamdara 63 2° 26' 22" S 140° 36' 47" E Tanjung Kelapa 64 2° 36' 16" S 141° 00' 00" E Tanjung Oinake, Jayapura Regency, Papua; Northern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border
♦ Basepoints modified by 2008 Government Regulation to take into account the International Court of Justice decision on the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan Islands.
Arafura and Timor Seas Point Latitude Longitude Remarks Arafura Sea 65 9° 07' 40" S 141° 01' 10" E Torasi, Papua; Southern terminus of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea land border 66 9° 10' 53" S 140° 59' 07" E Torasi 67 9° 12' 13" S 140° 57' 27" E Torasi 68 9° 12' 00" S 140° 56' 08" E Torasi 69 9° 05' 42" S 140° 50' 58" E Blatar 70 8° 16' 11" S 139° 26' 11" E Karang Sametinke 71 8° 26' 09" S 138° 54' 23" E Komoran 72 8° 26' 44" S 137° 39' 28" E Salah 73 8° 12' 49" S 137° 41' 24" E Kolepon Island 74 7° 49' 28" S 137° 50' 50" E Korima 75 6° 21' 31" S 138° 23' 59" E Cook 76 5° 58' 45" S 138° 03' 22" E Gosong Triton 77 5° 23' 14" S 137° 43' 07" E Laag Island 78 4° 54' 24" S 136° 45' 35" E Tanjung Pohonbatu 79 4° 38' 41" S 136° 07' 14" E Amarapya 80 5° 35' 42" S 134° 49' 05" E Ararkula Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 81 6° 00' 09" S 134° 54' 26" E Karaweira Barat Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 82 6° 19' 26" S 134° 54' 53" E Panambulai Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 83 6° 38' 50" S 134° 50' 12" E Kultubai Utara Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 84 6° 49' 54" S 134° 47' 14" E Kultubai Selatan Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 85 7° 01' 08" S 134° 41' 26" E Karang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 86 7° 01' 48" S 134° 40' 38" E Karang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 87 7° 06' 14" S 134° 31' 19" E Enu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 88 7° 05' 23" S 134° 28' 18" E Enu Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 89 6° 57' 01" S 134° 11' 38" E Batugoyang Island, Aru Islands Regency, Maluku 90 6° 00' 25" S 132° 50' 42" E Tanjung Weduar 91 7° 14' 26" S 131° 58' 49" E Larat Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 92 7° 39' 49" S 131° 43' 33" E Karang Sarikilmasa Timor Sea 93 8° 03' 07" S 131° 18' 02" E Asutuban Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 94 8° 03' 57" S 131° 16' 55" E Asutuban Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 95 8° 10' 17" S 131° 07' 31" E Selaru Timur Island, Tanimbar Islands, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 96 8° 18' 27" S 130° 53' 20" E Selaru Barat Island, Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 97 8° 20' 30" S 130° 49' 16" E Batarkusu Island, Maluku Tenggara Barat Regency, Maluku 98 8° 20' 41" S 130° 48' 47" E Fursey, 99 8° 20' 54" S 130° 45' 21" E Tanjung Arousu 100 8° 13' 29" S 129° 49' 32" E Marsela Island, Babar Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku 101 8° 21' 09" S 128° 30' 52" E Meatimiarang Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku 101A♦ 8° 14' 20" S 127° 38' 34" E Tanjung Karang, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku 101B♦ 8° 14' 17" S 127° 38' 04" E Tanjung Kesioh, Leti Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku Wetar Strait 101C♦ 8° 06' 07" S 127° 08' 52" E Tutun Yen, Kisar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku 101D♦ 7° 58' 31" S 126° 27' 59" E Tutun Eden, Wetar Island, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku 101E♦ 8° 03' 44" S 125° 44' 06" E Lirang Island, Barat Daya Islands, Maluku Barat Daya Regency, Maluku Ombai Strait 101F♦ 8° 19' 04" S 125° 08' 25" E Tanjung Lisomu, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province 101G♦ 8° 21' 26" S 125° 03' 37" E Tanjung Seromu, Alor Island Sawu Sea 101H♦ 8° 23’ 58" S 124° 47’ 10" E Tanjung Sibera, Alor Island 101I♦ 8° 57’ 26" S 124° 56’ 57" E Mota Biku, Betun Regency on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province; Northern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border Timor Sea 101J♦ 9° 27’ 37" S 125° 05’ 20" E Mota Talas, Betun Regency on Timor Island; Southern terminus of Indonesia-East Timor land border 102 9° 38' 09" S 124° 59' 39" E Tanjung Wetoh, Timor Island 103 9° 52' 58" S 124° 45' 00" E Tanjung Batu Merah, Timor 104 10° 07' 14" S 124° 28' 59" E Tanjung Haikmeo, Timor 105 10° 10' 19" S 124° 23' 44" E Tanjung Tunfano, Timor 106 10° 49' 47" S 123° 13' 22" E Tanjung Puleh, Rote Island 107 11° 00' 36" S 122° 52' 37" E Ndana Island, off Rote Island
♦ Additional basepoints added in 2008 to modify baselines after the independence of East Timor.
Indian Ocean