The X Corps of the Grande Armée (Grand Army) was a French military formation during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed in 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition under Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre and was later reconstituted for the French invasion of Russia under Marshal Jacques-Étienne Macdonald.
During the 1812 campaign against the Russian Empire, the X Corps included a Prussian contingent. In December of 1812, following the Convention of Tauroggen, this contingent defected, which reduced the corps' strength. The corps' Prussian troops subsequently formed the nucleus of the reconstituted Prussian Army in 1813.
Campaigns French Invasion of Russia Under Étienne Macdonald's command, the X Corps was tasked with securing the northern flank by advancing into Courland and besieging Riga. The corps crossed the Neman River on 24 June 1812, but did not capture the city during the campaign.
German Campaign of 1813 After the retreat from Russia, the X Corps moved to defend Danzig under General Jean Rapp, while dealing with logistics issues and disease. The Siege of Danzig lasted from January 1813 to January 1814 and resulted in the surrender of the French garrison.
Order of battle
Russia, 1812 Corps Commander Chief of Staff Chief, Artillery Chief, Engineers Aides-de-Camp Marshal Étienne Macdonald Adjutant Commander Jacques Terrier Division General
7th Division Commander Chief of Staff Chief, Artillery Adjutant Chief, Engineers Inspecteur aux revues Aide de Camp Division General Charles Grandjean Plk. Jozef Nowicki CdB Farjon Capt. Louis Chapuis Capt., 1st Class Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt Reybaud (Rayband)
1st Brigade 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion 3rd Battalion 4th Battalion Artillery Regt CdB Ludwik Kaminski CdB Jan Godlewski CdB Feliks Stokowski Not present Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza 13th Bavarian Line Regt 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion 1st Section, 2nd Bavarian Maj. Caspar Poyk (Poeck) Maj. Untilt. Alois Escher(t) II 2nd Brigade 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion 3rd Battalion 4th Battalion Artillery Regt CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn) CdB Franciszek Czyzewski CdB Not present Kapt. Leneke 3rd Brigade 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion 3rd Battalion 4th Battalion Artillery Regt CdB CdB Kazimierz Poniatowski CdB Karol Jon(n)emann Not present Kapt. Ostrowski 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion Artillery Regt CdB Capt. David von Kruse (later CdB) Kapt. von Haustein Division (Prussian) Cavalry (detached from 27th Division) 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt 3rd Squadron 4th Squadron 2nd Squadron 3rd Squadron Rittm. Karl Leopold F. Dallmer Rittm. Meyer Maj. von Kurnatowsky Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow Division Artillery and Engineers 6th Polish Foot Company 1st Polish Horse Company Polish Garde d'Artie 4th Polish Sapper Company Kapt. Turdeski Kapt. Wladyslaw Ostrowski Detachment Kapt. Jozef Dobrzyński Division Train 12th Battalion (in German) 6th Train Company Unknown S.-lieutenant Benoist (?)
27th (Prussian) Infantry Division Corps Commander 2nd in Command Chief of Staff Quartermaster Chief Engineer Adjutants Prussian Mobile Corps General d. Inf. Julius von Grawert GenLt Ludwig Yorck Obst. Friedrich E. von Roeder Obstlt. (Genstab.) Maj. Markoff Prussian Infantry GenMjr Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf Maj. (Genstab.) Prussian Cavalry GenLt
Brigades 1st Brigade 1st East Prussian Infantry Regt 2nd East Prussian Infantry Regt Fusilier Battalion II Battalion I Battalion Maj. Christoph J. H. von Erammon Maj. Maj. Ludwig von Krauthof 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt 4th East Prussian Infantry Regt I Battalion Fusilier Battalion I Battalion Maj. Maj. Johann F. von Pfeiffer Maj. Fusilier Battalion 2nd East Prussian Regt Fusilier Battalion Maj. Friedrich W. von Funck 2nd Brigade Infantry Regt Nr. 3 Colbergisches Infantry Regt 1st Pomeranian Infantry Regt I Battalion Fusilier Battalion II Battalion Maj. Friedrich W. von Quednow Maj. August Ferdinand von Borcke Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. von Linsingen Infantry Regt Nr. 4 Fusilier Battalion I Battalion II Battalion Maj. August Heinrich von Reuss Maj. 3rd Brigade Infantry Regt Nr. 5 1st West Prussian Infantry Regt 2nd West Prussian Infantry Regt I Battalion Fusilier Battalion I Battalion Maj. von Imbrecht Maj. Friedrich E. von Loebell 1st Schlesisches Inft. Regt 2nd Schlesisches Inft. Regt Maj. von Happe Maj. Karl G. S. von Lessel Maj. Karl Heinrich von Ziemietzi East Prussian Jäger Battalion 1st Battery, Prussian Army Maj. Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr) 1st Cavalry Brigade 1st Combined Dragoon Regt 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regt 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt 2nd Squadron 4th Squadron 1st Squadron 2nd Squadron Maj. von Kameke Sgt. Rittm. Dresler Maj. von Manstein Maj. 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt 2nd West Prussian Combined Dragoon Regt 1st West Prussian Dragoon Regt 1st Squadron 3rd Squadron Rittm. Karl Weiss Rittm. Ernst L. B. von Printz 3rd Combined Hussar Regt 1st Schles. Hussar Regt 2nd Schles. Hussar Regt 1st Squadron 3rd Squadron 1st Squadron 2nd Squadron Sgt. Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler Sgt. Rittm. Muller Maj. Johann H. von Schill
(Prussian) Corps Artillery Brigades Foot Artillery Foot Battery No. 1 (6-pdr) Foot Battery No. 2 (6-pdr) Foot Battery No. 3 (6-pdr) Foot Battery No. 4 (6-pdr) Half Battery (12-pdr) Pr.-Kapit. Huet Stabs-Kapit. Wegner Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig Pr.-Kapit. von Roszynski Horse Artillery 1st Horse Battery 2nd Horse Battery 3rd Horse Battery Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. von Zincken Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. von Rentzell Pr.-Kapit. von Graumann Artillery Park Park (Munitions) columns No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 Sec.-Lt. Schliew Sec.-Lt. Herrmann Prem.-Lt. Barenkampff Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Foot Co., Prussian Brigade) Sec.-Lt. von Hertig I (8th Foot Co., Brand. Brig.) Bridging Column Handwerk Columns No. 1 No. 2 Unknown Unknown
Corps Train Miners 1st Battalion 2nd Battalion 3rd Company 5th Company 1st Company Unknown Unknown Unknown Sappers 1st Battalion Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe Prussian Sappers 1st Company 2nd Company Marine Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut 17th equipage de flottille Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
References
Further reading
Akademja Umiejetnosci, Kraków. Polski Slownik Biograficzny. Kraków, 1935-. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 56 vols. Leipzig, 1875-1912. Almanach Royal de Wesphalie. Cassel, 1812-1813. Almanach Imperial. 1812-13. Paris, 1812-13. Auriol, Charles. "Retraite du 10e Corps de la Grande-Armée de la Dwina sur Dantzig (1812), Documents Inedits". In Le Spectateur Militaire. Vol. 42. Paris, 1888. pp. 226–296. Baltische Monatsschrift. 1910-1912. Beihefte zum Militar-Wochenblatt. Nr. 8-9. Berlin, 1894. pp. 268–298. Bogdanovich, Modest I. Istoriia Otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda. 3 vols. Spb., 1859-60. Charbanier, Jean. "La Grande Armée en Lithuanie et en Courland". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1973. pp. 29–47. Chelminski, Jan and A. Malibran. L'Armee du Duché de Varsovie. Paris, 1913. Costantini, A. "Le Marechal Macdonald, Chef du 10e Corps Juin 1812 - Janvier 1813". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1971. pp. 58–78. Dziennik dzialan wojennych 7 dywizji (gdanskiej) w 1812 r. Edited by Janusz Staszewskii. In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1937. Defense de Dantzig en 1813 : Journal de Siege : Journal Personnel et Notes du General du Division de Campredon Commandant le Genie du Xe Corps : Lettres Diverses / annotés et publiés par Charles Auriol.@ Paris, 1888. Droysen. Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen York von Wartenberg. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1913. Eckardt. York und Paulucci. Aktenstucke und Beitrage zur Geschichte der Convention von Tauroggen. Leipzig, 1865. Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de 1812, Documents Relatifs a l'Aile Gauche 20 Août - 4 Decembre. Paris, 1912. Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de Russie, 1812. 5 vols. Paris, 1900-03. Hartwich, Julius von. 1812. Der Feldzug in Kurland. Nach den Tagbuchern und Briefen des Leutnants Julius v. Hartwich zusammengestellt von Rugiger v. Schoeler. Berlin, 1910. Gembarzewski, Bronisław. Wojska Polskie, Ksiestwo Warszawskie 1807-1814. Warsaw, 1912. Kirkor, Stanisław. Pod Sztandarami Napoleona. London, 1982. Kreuzwendedich von der Borne. Geschichte des Infanterie-Regiments Prinz Louis Ferdinand v. Preussen, 2. Magdeburgisches Nr 27 von 1815-1895. Berlin, 1896. Lossberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von. Briefe in die Heimat. Cassel, 1844. Loza, Stanislaw. Legia Honorowa w Polsce 1803-1923. Zamość, 1923. Lunsmann, Fritz. Die Armee des Koniglichs Westfalen 1807-1813. Berlin, 1935. Marco de Saint-Hilaire, Emile. Histoire de la Campagne de Russie pendant l'Annee 1812.... 2 vols. Paris, [1846-1848]. Margueron, Cmdt. Campagne de Russie. 3 vols. in 4. Paris, n.d. Martinien, A. Tableaux par corps et par batailles des officiers tues et blesses pedant les guerres de l'Empire (1805–1815). Reprint edition.. Paris, Editions Militaires Europeennes, S.d. Nafziger, George et al. Poles and Saxons of the Napoleonic Wars. Chicago, 1991. Nekrolog of Georg Plessmann in "Frankfurther patriotisches Wochenblatt ...." Nro. 10, 1817. Ostrowski, Ant. Zywot Thomasza Ostrowskiego. vol. 1. Lvov, 1872. 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