Aronsson is a Swedish and Icelandic surname, and means son of Aron. Notable people with the surname include:
Anders Aronsson (1885–?), Swedish politician Francisca Aronsson (born 2006), Peruvian actress and social media personality Ivar Aronsson (1928–2017), Swedish rower who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics Jan Aronsson (1931–2016), Swedish footballer Kerstin-Maria Aronsson (born 1937), Swedish politician Lars Aronsson (born 1966), Swedish computer programmer and consultant
Mats Aronsson (born 1951), former Swedish football player Ronja Aronsson (born 1997), Swedish footballer