Tatyana Yakovlevna Elizarenkova (; 17 September 1929 – 5 September 2007) was a Russian Indologist and linguist, known for her study of the Vedas. She was described by Wendy Doniger as "the greatest living scholar of the , and certainly, the greatest linguist of the ".Wendy Doniger's preface in In 1972, she published a translation of selected Rigvedic hymns into Russian, which eventually evolved into a complete translation of in the following decades, published by Nauka between 1989 and 1999 in three volumes. Her complete Russian translation of Atharvaveda was published between 2005 and 2010, also in three volumes.
In 1976, together with her husband Vladimir Toporov, she published in English a linguistic analysis of Pali: The Pali Language. She was also an expert on Hindi, and published numerous works on its grammar.
Elizarenkova and Toporov were also the chief driving forces of Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School.
India had honored her with the Padma Shri in 2004 for her contributions in the study of Vedas.
Publications Aorist v "Rigvede", 1950 I︠A︡zyk pali, 1965 Issledovanii︠a︡ po diakhronicheskoĭ fonologii indoariĭskikh i︠a︡zykov, 1974 The Pāli language, 1976 Grammatika vediĭskogo i︠a︡zyka, 1982 Vediĭskiĭ i︠a︡zyk, 1987 Language and style of the Vedic R̥ṣis, 1993 Words and things in the R̥gveda, 1995
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