Yermakov (), or Yermakova (feminine: Ермакова), sometimes spelt Ermakov or Ermakova respective of the gender, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anastasiya Yermakova (born 1983), Russian Olympic synchronised swimmer Dmitri Ivanovich Yermakov (1846–1916), Russian photographer Nicholas Yermakov/Simon Hawke, American writer Oksana Yermakova (born 1973), Estonian and Russian Olympic champion épée fencer Pyotr Ermakov, Bolshevik war commissar Yevgeniya Yermakova (born 1976), Kazakh freestyle swimmer