The 94th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1975, to January 3, 1977, during the last two years of Gerald Ford's presidency.
This is the most recent Congress with a Republican senator from Hawaii, Hiram Fong, and Democratic senators from Utah and Wyoming, Frank Moss and Gale W. McGee. Fong retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the 94th Congress.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census. The Democrats not only maintained their majorities in the House and Senate, but would increase their numbers to supermajority status in both chambers.
Major events
January 15, 1975: 1975 State of the Union Address April 30, 1975: Fall of Saigon June 10, 1975: The Rockefeller Commission issued its report on CIA abuses, recommending a joint congressional oversight committee on intelligence. September 5, 1975: Failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Lynette Fromme September 22, 1975: Another failed assassination attempt against President Ford by Sara Jane Moore July 4, 1976: United States Bicentennial November 2, 1976: 1976 United States House of Representatives elections and 1976 United States Senate elections: Democrats retain congress 1976 United States presidential election: Jimmy Carter (D) elected President December 12, 1976: Congressional Hispanic Caucus formed
Major legislation
March 29, 1975: Tax Reduction Act of 1975, , May 23, 1975: Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, , November 29, 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act, , December 22, 1975: Energy Policy and Conservation Act, , December 23, 1975: Metric Conversion Act, December 23, 1975: Revenue Adjustment Act (Earned Income Tax Credit), , December 31, 1975: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, , February 5, 1976: Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act, , April 13, 1976: Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, , May 11, 1976: Federal Election Campaign Act, , June 30, 1976: Arms Export Control Act, , September 13, 1976: Government in the Sunshine Act, , September 14, 1976: National Emergencies Act, , September 30, 1976: Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, , October 11, 1976: Toxic Substances Control Act, , October 12, 1976: Overhaul of vocational education programs , October 19, 1976: Copyright Act of 1976, , October 21, 1976: Federal Land Policy and Management Act, , October 21, 1976: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, , October 21, 1976: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, , October 22, 1976: National Forest Management Act, ,
Party summary
Senate
Party (shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Independent Conservative Republican Vacant End of previous Congress 56 1 1 40 98 2 Begin (January 3, 1975) 60 1 1 37 99 1 August 8, 1975 38 100 0 September 18, 1975 61 37 100 0 January 2, 1977 60 38 100 0 Final voting share 61% 39% Beginning of the next Congress 61 1 0 38 100 0
House of Representatives Party (shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Republican Vacant End of previous Congress 232 174 406 29 Begin 291 144 435 0 End 287 146 433 2 Final voting share 66% 34% Beginning of the next Congress 292 143 435 0
Leadership
Senate President: Nelson Rockefeller (R) President pro tempore: James Eastland (D) Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield Majority Whip: Robert Byrd Democratic Caucus Secretary: Frank Moss Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: J. Bennett Johnston
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Hugh Scott Minority Whip: Robert P. Griffin Republican Conference Chairman: Carl Curtis Republican Conference Secretary: Robert Stafford National Senatorial Committee Chair: Ted Stevens Policy Committee Chairman: John Tower
House of Representatives Speaker: Carl Albert (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: Tip O'Neill Majority Whip: John J. McFall Chief Deputy Majority Whip: John Brademas Democratic Caucus Chairman: Phillip Burton Democratic Caucus Secretary: Patsy Mink Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Wayne Hays, until June 18, 1976 James C. Corman, from June 18, 1976
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: John Jacob Rhodes Minority Whip: Robert H. Michel Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Samuel L. Devine Republican Conference Secretary: Jack Edwards Policy Committee Chairman: Barber Conable Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses Congressional Black Caucus Congressional Hispanic Caucus House Democratic Caucus Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1980.
Alabama 2. John J. Sparkman (D) 3. James Allen (D)
Alaska 2. Ted Stevens (R) 3. Mike Gravel (D)
Arizona 1. Paul Fannin (R) 3. Barry Goldwater (R)
Arkansas 2. John L. McClellan (D) 3. Dale Bumpers (D)
California 1. John V. Tunney (D) until January 1, 1977 S. I. Hayakawa (R) from January 2, 1977 3. Alan Cranston (D)
Colorado 2. Floyd Haskell (D) 3. Gary Hart (D)
Connecticut 1. Lowell Weicker (R) 3. Abraham Ribicoff (D)
Delaware 1. William Roth (R) 2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida 1. Lawton Chiles (D) 3. Richard Stone (D)
Georgia 2. Sam Nunn (D) 3. Herman Talmadge (D)
Hawaii 1. Hiram Fong (R) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. James A. McClure (R) 3. Frank Church (D)
Illinois 2. Charles H. Percy (R) 3. Adlai Stevenson III (D)
Indiana 1. Vance Hartke (D) 3. Birch Bayh (D)
Iowa 2. Dick Clark (D) 3. John Culver (D)
Kansas 2. James B. Pearson (R) 3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky 2. Walter Dee Huddleston (D) 3. Wendell Ford (D)
Louisiana 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D) 3. Russell B. Long (D)
Maine 1. Edmund Muskie (D) 2. William Hathaway (D)
Maryland 1. J. Glenn Beall Jr. (R) 3. Charles Mathias (R)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. Edward Brooke (R)
Michigan 1. Philip Hart (D), until December 26, 1976 Donald Riegle (D), from December 30, 1976 2. Robert P. Griffin (R)
Minnesota 1. Hubert Humphrey (DFL) 2. Walter Mondale (DFL), until December 30, 1976 Wendell R. Anderson (DFL), from December 30, 1976
Mississippi 1. John C. Stennis (D) 2. James Eastland (D)
Missouri 1. Stuart Symington (D), until December 27, 1976 John Danforth (R), from December 27, 1976 3. Thomas Eagleton (D)
Montana 1. Mike Mansfield (D) 2. Lee Metcalf (D)
Nebraska 1. Roman Hruska (R), until December 27, 1976 Edward Zorinsky (D), from December 28, 1976 2. Carl Curtis (R)
Nevada 1. Howard Cannon (D) 3. Paul Laxalt (R)
New Hampshire 2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D) 3. Norris Cotton (R), from August 8, 1975, until September 18, 1975 John A. Durkin (D), from September 18, 1975
New Jersey 1. Harrison A. Williams (D) 2. Clifford P. Case (R)
New Mexico 1. Joseph Montoya (D) 2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York 1. James L. Buckley (C) 3. Jacob Javits (R)
North Carolina 2. Jesse Helms (R) 3. Robert Burren Morgan (D)
North Dakota 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL) 3. Milton Young (R)
Ohio 1. Robert Taft Jr. (R), until December 28, 1976 Howard Metzenbaum (D), from December 29, 1976 3. John Glenn (D)
Oklahoma 2. Dewey F. Bartlett (R) 3. Henry Bellmon (R)
Oregon 2. Mark Hatfield (R) 3. Bob Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania 1. Hugh Scott (R) 3. Richard Schweiker (R)
Rhode Island 1. John Pastore (D), until December 28, 1976 John Chafee (R), from December 29, 1976 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. James Abourezk (D) 3. George McGovern (D)
Tennessee 1. Bill Brock (R) 2. Howard Baker (R)
Texas 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D) 2. John Tower (R)
Utah 1. Frank Moss (D) 3. Jake Garn (R)
Vermont 1. Robert Stafford (R) 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia 1. Harry F. Byrd Jr. (ID) 2. William L. Scott (R)
Washington 1. Henry M. Jackson (D) 3. Warren G. Magnuson (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jennings Randolph (D)
Wisconsin 1. William Proxmire (D) 3. Gaylord Nelson (D)
Wyoming 1. Gale W. McGee (D) 2. Clifford Hansen (R)
House of Representatives
Many of the congressional districts are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
Alabama . Jack Edwards (R) . William Louis Dickinson (R) . Bill Nichols (D) . Tom Bevill (D) . Robert E. Jones Jr. (D) . John Hall Buchanan Jr. (R) . Walter Flowers (D)
Alaska . Don Young (R)
Arizona . John Jacob Rhodes (R) . Mo Udall (D) . Sam Steiger (R) . John Bertrand Conlan (R)
Arkansas . William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D) . Wilbur Mills (D) . John Paul Hammerschmidt (R) . Ray Thornton (D)
California . Harold T. Johnson (D) . Donald H. Clausen (R) . John E. Moss (D) . Robert L. Leggett (D) . John Burton (D) . Phillip Burton (D) . George Miller (D) . Ron Dellums (D) . Pete Stark (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Leo Ryan (D) . Pete McCloskey (R) . Norman Mineta (D) . John J. McFall (D) . B. F. Sisk (D) . Burt Talcott (R) . John Hans Krebs (D) . William M. Ketchum (R) . Robert J. Lagomarsino (R) . Barry Goldwater Jr. (R) . James C. Corman (D) . Carlos Moorhead (R) . Thomas M. Rees (D) . Henry Waxman (D) . Edward R. Roybal (D) . John H. Rousselot (R) . Alphonzo E. Bell Jr. (R) . Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (D) . Augustus Hawkins (D) . George E. Danielson (D) . Charles H. Wilson (D) . Glenn M. Anderson (D) . Del M. Clawson (R) . Mark W. Hannaford (D) . James F. Lloyd (D) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Jerry Pettis (R), until February 14, 1975 Shirley Neil Pettis (R), from April 29, 1975 . Jerry M. Patterson (D) . Charles E. Wiggins (R) . Andrew J. Hinshaw (R) . Bob Wilson (R) . Lionel Van Deerlin (D) . Clair Burgener (R)
Colorado . Pat Schroeder (D) . Tim Wirth (D) . Frank Evans (D) . James Paul Johnson (R) . William L. Armstrong (R)
Connecticut . William R. Cotter (D) . Chris Dodd (D) . Robert Giaimo (D) . Stewart McKinney (R) . Ronald A. Sarasin (R) . Toby Moffett (D)
Delaware . Pete duPont (R)
Florida . Robert L. F. Sikes (D) . Don Fuqua (D) . Charles E. Bennett (D) . Bill Chappell (D) . Richard Kelly (R) . Bill Young (R) . Sam Gibbons (D) . James A. Haley (D) . Louis Frey Jr. (R) . Skip Bafalis (R) . Paul Rogers (D) . J. Herbert Burke (R) . William Lehman (D) . Claude Pepper (D) . Dante Fascell (D)
Georgia . Bo Ginn (D) . Dawson Mathis (D) . Jack Brinkley (D) . Elliott H. Levitas (D) . Andrew Young (D) . John Flynt (D) . Larry McDonald (D) . W. S. Stuckey Jr. (D) . Phillip M. Landrum (D) . Robert Grier Stephens Jr. (D)
Hawaii . Spark Matsunaga (D) . Patsy Mink (D)
Idaho . Steve Symms (R) . George V. Hansen (R)
Illinois . Ralph Metcalfe (D) . Morgan F. Murphy (D) . Marty Russo (D) . Ed Derwinski (R) . John C. Kluczynski (D), until January 26, 1975 John G. Fary (D), from July 8, 1975 . Henry Hyde (R) . Cardiss Collins (D) . Dan Rostenkowski (D) . Sidney R. Yates (D) . Abner J. Mikva (D) . Frank Annunzio (D) . Phil Crane (R) . Robert McClory (R) . John N. Erlenborn (R) . Tim Lee Hall (D) . John B. Anderson (R) . George M. O'Brien (R) . Robert H. Michel (R) . Tom Railsback (R) . Paul Findley (R) . Edward Rell Madigan (R)