Lavrentyev or Lavrentiev () and Lavrentyeva (; feminine) is a common Russian surname.
People with this surname include: Arseniy Lavrentyev (born 1983), Russian-born Portuguese swimmer Boris Innokentievich Lavrentiev (1892–1944), Soviet histologist Mikhail Lavrentyev (1900–1980), a Soviet mathematician Oleg Lavrentiev (1926–2011), a Soviet-Ukrainian physicist, the author of idea of a thermonuclear bomb Sergei Lavrentyev (born 1972), a Russian footballer and coach Yekaterina Lavrentyeva (born 1981), a Russian luger
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