Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico that is divided into 72 municipalities. According to the 2020 INEGI census, it is the eighteenth most populated state with inhabitants and the 2nd largest by land area spanning .
Municipalities in Sonora are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president () by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.
The largest municipality by population is Hermosillo, with 936,263 residents (31.79% of the state's total), while the smallest is Ónavas with 365 residents. The largest municipality by land area is also Hermosillo which spans , and the smallest is San Felipe de Jesús with . In December 1930, the Congress of Sonora enacted a municipal reorganization including Law Number 68 which dissolved a majority of the state's local municipalities to centralize administrative control. Over the course of the 1930s and beyond many of the municipalities regained their local administration through laws such as the Organic Municipal Administration Law of 1932. The newest municipalities are Benito Juárez and San Ignacio Río Muerto, established in 1996.
Municipalities
+ Name Municipal seat Population(2020) Population(2010) Change Land area Population density(2020) Incorporation date km2 sq miAconchi Aconchi Agua PrietaAgua PrietaÁlamosÁlamosAltar AltarArivechiArivechiArizpeArizpeÁtilÁtilBacadéhuachi Bacadéhuachi Bacanora BacanoraBacerac BaceracBacoachiBacoachiBácum BácumBanámichi BanámichiBaviácora BaviácoraBavispe Bavispe Benito JuárezVilla JuárezBenjamín HillBenjamín HillCaborcaCaborcaCajemeCiudad ObregónCananeaCananeaCarbó CarbóCucurpe Cucurpe CumpasCumpas DivisaderosDivisaderos Empalme Empalme EtchojoaEtchojoa Fronteras Fronteras Granados Granados Guaymas Guaymas Hermosillo Hermosillo Huachinera Huachinera Huásabas Huásabas HuatabampoHuatabampo Huépac Huépac Ímuris Ímuris La Colorada La ColoradaMagdalenaMagdalena de KinoMazatán MazatánMoctezuma MoctezumaNacoNacoNácori Chico Nácori ChicoNacozari Nacozari de GarcíaNavojoaNavojoaNogales Nogales Ónavas ÓnavasOpodepe OpodepeOquitoa OquitoaPitiquitoPitiquitoPuerto PeñascoPuerto PeñascoPlutarco Elías Calles SonoytaQuiriego QuiriegoRayón RayónRosarioRosario de TesopacoSahuaripa SahuaripaSan Felipe de Jesús San Felipe de Jesús San Ignacio Río MuertoSan Ignacio Río MuertoSan Javier San JavierSan Luis Río ColoradoSan Luis Río ColoradoSan Miguel de Horcasitas San Miguel de HorcasitasSan Pedro de la Cueva San Pedro de la CuevaSanta Ana Santa AnaSanta Cruz Santa CruzSáric SáricSoyopa SoyopaSuaqui Grande Suaqui GrandeTepache TepacheTrincheras TrincherasTubutama TubutamaUresUresVilla Hidalgo Villa HidalgoVilla Pesqueira Villa PesqueiraYécora Yécora Sonora — — Mexico — —
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