AltGr (also Alt Graph) is a modifier key found on computer keyboards. It is primarily used to type characters that are used less frequently in the language that the keyboard is designed for, such as foreign currency symbols, typographic marks and accented letters. The AltGr key is used to access a third and a fourth grapheme for most keys. Most are accented variants of the letters on the keys, but some are additional symbols and punctuation marks. For example, when the US-International keyboard mapping is active, the key can be used to insert four different characters: → c (lowercase — first level) → C (uppercase — second level) → © (copyright sign — third level) → ¢ (cent sign — fourth level)
Some languages, such as Bengali, use this key when the number of letters of their alphabet is too large for a standard keyboard. On keyboard layouts that do not include an AltGr key, such as US keyboards, the key position is labelled as a right-hand Alt key. When a relevant keyboard mapping is chosen in the operating system, this key will function separately as AltGr (despite being marked identically to the left-hand Alt key). In macOS, the Option key has functions similar to the AltGr key.
History
IBM states that AltGr is an abbreviation for alternate graphic.
A key labelled with some variation of "Alt Graphic" was on many computer keyboards before the Windows international layouts. On early home computers the alternate graphemes were primarily box-drawing characters.
This likely was the intended purpose of the Alt key on PC keyboards, however software quickly used this as a combination key for shortcuts, requiring a new key for producing additional characters.
Ctrl+Alt Windows interprets as , to accommodate some compact keyboards like those of netbooks which have neither the AltGr key nor a right-hand Alt key. Thus has the same effect as . Because of this feature, Microsoft advises that not be used as part of any application keyboard shortcut, as it would prevent typing the matching character on such keyboards.
Function by default national keyboard In most of the keyboard diagrams the symbol one gets when holding down AltGr is in blue in the lower-right of the corner. If different, the symbol for Shift+AltGr is shown in the upper-right.
Bangladesh
Belgium
The Windows version of the Belgian keyboard may only support a subset of these characters. Several of the AltGr combinations are themselves dead keys, which are followed by another letter to produce an accented version of that letter.
Brazil
Some notes The combination results in the (obsolete) symbol ₢ for the former Brazilian currency, the Brazilian cruzeiro. The , , combinations are useful as a replacement for the "/?" key, which is physically absent on non-Brazilian keyboards. Some software (e.g. Microsoft Word) will map to ® and to ™.
Finland
The new Finnish keyboard standard of 2008 (SFS 5966) was designed for easily typing 1) Finnish, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian; 2) Nordic minority languages and 3) European Latin letters (based on MES-2, with emphasis on contemporary proper nouns), without needing engravings different from those on existing standard keyboards of Finland and Sweden. AltGr and dead diacritic keys are extensively used, although letters of Finnish and Swedish are mostly provided as normal keys.
France On AZERTY keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters:
Germany On German keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters, which are indicated on the keyboard:
Windows 8 introduced the ability of pressing to produce ẞ (capital ß). Even though this is usually not indicated on the physical keyboard—potentially due to a lack of space, since the ß-key already has three different levels ( → "ß", → "?", and, as shown above, → "\")—, it can be seen in the Windows On-Screen Keyboard by selecting the necessary keys with the German keyboard layout selected. Some newer types of German keyboards offer the assignment → capital ß.
Greece
Some of these key combinations also result in different characters if the polytonic layout is used.
Israel Hebrew On Hebrew keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the Hebrew vowels and pronunciation marks. In addition, there are several combinations for special characters:
→ € → ₪ → ° → ֫ → ֽ → × → LRM → RLM
→ ־ → – → ÷ → ” → “ → „ → ’
→ ‘ → ‚ → ׳ → ״ → ׆
Yiddish Using a Hebrew keyboard, one may write in Yiddish as the two languages share many letters. However, Yiddish has some additional digraphs not otherwise found in Hebrew, which are entered via AltGr:
→ → →
Italy
On Italian keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters:
→ € → € → @ → #
→ [ → ] → { → }
There is an alternate layout, which differ just in disposition of characters accessible through AltGr and includes the tilde and the curly brackets.
Latvia The following letters can be input in the Latvian keyboard layout using AltGr:
Lowercase letters → ā → č → ē → ģ → ī → ķ → ļ → ņ → ō → ŗ → š → ū → ž
Uppercase letters → Ā → Č → Ē → Ģ → Ī → Ķ → Ļ → Ņ → Ō → Ŗ → Š → Ū → Ž
North Macedonia On Macedonian keyboards, AltGr enables the user to type the following characters:
→ € → Ђ → ђ → [
→ ] → Ћ → ћ → @
→ { → } → §
Netherlands
Digits row → ¹ and ¡ → ² → ³ → £ and ¤ → € → ¼ → ½ → ¾ → ‘ → ’ → ¥ → × and ÷
Top letters row → ä and Ä → å and Å → é and É → ® → þ and Þ (Icelandic and Old English thorn) → ü and Ü → ú and Ú → í and Í → ó and Ó → ö and Ö → « → » → ¬ and ¦
Middle letters row (Home row) → á and Á → ß (German eszett aka sharp s) and § → ð and Ð (Icelandic eth) → ø and Ø → ¶ and ° → ´ and ¨
Bottom letters row → æ and Æ → © and ¢ → ñ and Ñ → → ç and Ç → ¿
Nordic countries and Estonia, except Iceland The keyboard layouts in the Nordic countries Denmark (DK), Faroe Islands (FO), Finland (FI), Norway (NO) and Sweden (SE) as well as in Estonia (EE) are largely similar to each other. Generally the AltGr key can be used to create the following characters:
→ @ → £ → $ → € →
→ { → [ → ] → } → ~ (excluding EE)
Other AltGr combinations are peculiar to just some of the countries:
→ \ (EE, FI, SE) → | (EE, FI, SE) → \ (DK, FO) → | (DK, FO) → ´ (NO) → ~ (FO) → ¨ (FO)
→ ^ (FO) → € (NO, DK, FO, SE, sometimes FI) → š (EE, sometimes FI) → ž (EE, sometimes FI) → § (EE) → ½ (EE)
Finnish multilingual The Finnish multilingual keyboard standard adds many new characters to the traditional layout via the AltGr key, as shown in the image below (the blue characters can be written with the AltGr key; several dead key diacritics, shown in red, are also available as an AltGr combination).
Poland Typewriters in Poland used a QWERTZ layout specifically designed for the Polish language with accented letters in the Polish alphabet obtainable directly. When personal computers became available worldwide in the 1980s, commercial importing into Poland was not supported by its communist government, so most machines in Poland were brought in by private individuals. Most had US keyboards, and various methods were devised to make available the accented Polish letters. An established method was to configure the rightAlt key as an AltGr key and to use it in combination with a Latin base letter to obtain the equivalent precomposed character (accented form of the letter). → ą → ć → ę → ł → ń → ó → ś → € → ź → ż (Because there are two types of "z with diacritic" ( and ), is a special case.)
At the time of the Fall of communism and opening of commercial import channels this practice was so widespread that it was adopted as the de facto standard. Nowadays nearly all PCs in Poland have standard US keyboards and use the AltGr method to enter Polish diacritics. This keyboard mapping is referred to as the Polish programmers' layout () or simply Polish layout.
Another layout is still used on typewriters, mostly by professional typists. Computer keyboards with this layout are available, though difficult to find, and supported by a number of operating systems; they are known as Polish typists' layout (). Older Polish versions of Microsoft Windows used this layout, describing it as Polish layout. On current versions it is referred to as Polish (214).
Romania
The keymap with the AltGr key:
→ ` → ~ → ˇ → ^ → ˘ → ° → ˛ → ` → ˙ → ´ → ˝ → ¨ → € → § → [ → ] → \ → ß → đ → Đ → ł → Ł → ; → ' → © + the signs mostly pressed with prints the US keyboard signs
â ß € r ț y u î o § „ ” ă ș đ f g h j k ł ; z x © v b n m « »
Russia Since release 1903, versions of Windows 10 have the binding: → ₽ (Ruble sign)
South Slavic Latin and Czech keyboards On South Slavic Latin (used in Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia) and on Czech keyboards, the following letters and special characters are created using AltGr:
→ \ → | → € → ÷ → × → [ → ] → ł → Ł → ß
→ ¤ → @ → { → } → § → < → > → ~ → ˇ (dead key) → ^ (dead key)
→ ˘ (dead key) → ° (dead key) → ˛ (dead key) → ` → ˙ (dead key) → ´ (dead key) → ˝ (dead key) → ¨ (dead key) → ¸ (dead key)
South Slavic cyrillic keyboards use a different layout.
Spain
→ \ → | → @ → # → ~ → ¬ → €
Switzerland On Swiss keyboards, AltGr in combination with the following keys types the following characters:
→ ¦ → @ → # → °
→ § → ¬ → | → ¢
→ \ → € → ´ (dead key) → ~ (dead key)
/ → [ (See explanation below) → ] / → { (See explanation below) → }
Switzerland has four national Languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansh). The Swiss keyboard layout is therefore designed with compatibility in mind for all four languages. In German-speaking and Romansh-speaking Switzerland (as well as the Czech Republic), the Swiss German layout is used, while in the French-speaking and Italian-speaking Switzerland, the Swiss French layout is used. The two layouts only differ on three keys—OEM1, OEM5, and OEM7. On the Swiss German layout, these three keys are labelled , , and , respectively, while on the Swiss French layout, the labels are inverted as , , and ; namely, the base layer and the layer are swapped. However, with respect to the layer, the region-specific layouts are irrelevant.
Swiss German: → {
Swiss French: → {
Turkey In Turkish keyboard variants the AltGr can be used to display the following characters:
→ æ → ß → € → ₺ → @ → i a → ã a → ä a → á a → à
Ukraine In Ukrainian (enhanced) keyboard, added in Windows Vista, combination (or as it is written in Cyrillic keyboards gives letter ґ and Ґ.
United Kingdom and Ireland
→ á and Á → é and É → í and Í → ó and Ó → ú and Ú
→ € → \ → ¦
In UK and Ireland keyboard layouts, only two alternative use symbols are printed on most keyboards, which require the AltGr key to function. These are: € the euro sign. Located on the "4/$" key. ¦ the broken bar symbol. Located on the "`/¬" key, to the immediate left of "1".
Using the AltGr key on Linux produces many other characters and symbols, e.g. (If reconfigured as a compose key, an even larger repertoire is available).
With the UK extended keyboard setting (below), ChromeOS offers a large repertoire of symbols and precomposed characters.
Scotland and Wales For the diacritics used by Welsh (ŵ and ŷ) and Scottish Gaelic (à, è, ì, ò and ù), the UK extended keyboard setting is needed. This makes available (for circumflex accent) and (for grave accent) as dead keys.
UK extended keyboard layout The UK-Extended keyboard mapping (available with Microsoft Windows, Linux and ChromeOS) allows many characters with diacritical marks (including those used in other European countries) to be generated by using the AltGr key, dead keys or a compose key, in combination with others.