A Matryoshka doll, or Russian doll, is a set of dolls of decreasing sizes placed one inside the other.

Matryoshka, or variants, may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media Matryoshka (album), by Lyapis Trubetskoy, 2014 Matryoshka (play), a Persian-language satire, 2015 Matryoshka Radio, a Russian-language radio station in the UK "Matryoshka", a song by Nico Touches the Walls from the 2011 album Passenger "Matryoshka", a Vocaloid song by Hachi "Matryoshka", a 1999 episode of TV series Millennium (season 3) Matroesjka's, a Belgian TV series

Science and technology Matroska, a video container file format, in computing Matroshka experiments, assessing cosmic radiation doses on the International Space Station Matrioshka brain, a hypothetical computer surrounding a star

Other uses Matryoshka (diamond), a Russian double diamond

See also Russian Dolls (disambiguation)